Multicultural Education Essay - 753 Words

Multicultural Education What is multicultural education, and how is it relevant to science instruction? Over the past decade, educators have ignored this question and instead, they have focused on ways and methods of incorporating multiculturalism in the humanities. In the most recent assessment of Virginias Science Standards of Learning, Virginia received a grade of D, almost failing, in part because of the absence of a multicultural approach towards instruction. In research and discussions with professionals in the fields of both elementary science and multicultural education, we learned and discussed numerous ways for teachers to consider this crucial element in their classrooms. In particular, Virginia educators must stress the†¦show more content†¦In an interview with Dr. C, a leading educator in multicultural issues, we learned that recognizing diversity facilitates a more active learning experience for the student because it emphasizes understanding in terms of different perspectives rather than just learning the facts. Children are not all the same, and consequently, the way that they all do science will not be the same. According to a computer science professor, Were up against something cultural (Cone, P. 1, 1998) as far as diversity in science fields. As a result, teachers must find a way to make science appealing to everyone, and multicultural education is one way to facilitate communication in all subjects between students, their teachers, and the rest of society. In Virginia, the Standards of Learning mostly ignore the issues of multiculturalism in science and this must change in order to ensure the development of multicultural education in the Virginia sciences. It is vital that students understand not only the hows and whys of science, but also the whos. Children have a strong image of a white male, with glasses and messy hair, as the standard scientist (Chambers, 1983), but it is our job to erase that image and show them that scientists look just like them. In fact, there are scientists of every race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic background. Teachers need to provide thisShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education And Multicultural Schools1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been multiple definitions for Multicultural definition which has become so imperative. Multicultural education alludes to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from differe nt cultural backgrounds (Bank).America is considered to be a â€Å"melting pot† because of the many people who have immigrated in search of a better life. Immigrants have brought with them their own unique cultures. Different gendersRead MoreMulticultural Education : A Multicultural Classroom960 Words   |  4 PagesAn additional aspect to a perfect education system would be the use of multicultural education in schools. Multicultural education creates a comfortable environment for students of all races and ethnicities to learn in by combining a variety of ideals about teaching. According to Geneva Gay, the creator of multicultural education, one of these ideals is understanding the cultural characteristics and cultural contributions of different ethnic groups, such as the values of different ethnic groups,Read MoreA Multicultural Education956 Words   |  4 Pagesstatics in the Kim article were staggering. Being in education for 17 years I have personally seen the change in the student demographics. However Kim summarizes the truth that the demography of the educators has not changed. The introduction focuses on the state of crisis in education involving the achievement gap. This study is focused not just on ethnicity, but also socioeconomic status. From this study the cause to look at multicultural education is very evident. The main area of the paper willRead MoreMulticultural Education And Educational Education770 Words   |  4 Pagesthe definition of multicultural education is defined in sociopolitical context and relates to comprehension of school reform. Namely, the multicultural education works in reforming schools and providing an equal and excellent education for everyone. Likewise, the author gave a definition of multicultural education based on her experience surrounding education environment. She divides multicultural education into seven basic characteristics: antiracist education, basic education, important for allRead MoreIssues in Multicultural Education900 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversityRead MoreEssay on Multicultural Education1681 Words   |  7 PagesMulticultural Education History/Past Challenges: One of the major goals of the American school system is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the needRead MoreThe Problem Of Multicultural Education Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesProblem in Multicultural Education The common topic of the three articles is multicultural education. In the article, â€Å"Faculty perceptions of multicultural teaching in a large urban university,† the authors believe that â€Å"lack of understanding of multicultural teaching is evident in spite of the growing literature on theories of multicultural education and data documenting best practices† (Bigatti, S. M., et. al, 2012, p. 78). The authors of this article defines the meaning of the multicultural teachingRead MoreMulticultural Education And Its Importance1205 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Education and Its Importance in Schools and Society. Multicultural education is a term used to describe a wide variety of programs and practices. Multicultural instruction may be a thought alternately an idea that know understudies ought to have an rise to good fortune to take in over class in any case about their gender, social class, Also racial/cultural qualities. Multicultural training will be likewise a instructive change development. It includes downright one school alternatelyRead MoreMulticultural Education Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural education refers to applying various aspects of different learning styles and techniques to reach children of different racial, cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Because the extent of these variations is so diverse, educationists have begun to integrate material within the classroom to ensure each child is efficiently and equally benefitting scholastically. There are some Americans however, who disagree with multicultural education; these people think that multicultural educationRead MoreThe Goals Of Multicultural Education1169 Words   |  5 Pages1. There are three goals in multicultural education. None are necessarily more important than the other but they are vital to ensuring that every child, regardless of race, gender, sexuality, age, or ability, are granted the same level of education they need to succeed. The first is tackling inequality and promoting access to an equal education. Many minority children will have already been faced with some form of discrimination by the time they’ve reached the classroom. It is the teacher’s job to

Mahatma Gandhi The Most Complex Kind Of Bravery

To Stand Alone Mahatma Gandhi once remarked, â€Å"It is easy to stand in the crowd but it takes courage to stand alone,† (â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi Quotes†) The powerful words of Indian independence activist Gandhi ring in the ears of people around the world, even seventy-five years after his assassination. Throughout his life, people revered the Hindu leader for his peaceful, strong protests, as well as, his courage. Proceeding humbly in his life efforts, Gandhi the most complex kind of bravery as he led others to stand against unfair colonial practices in India. However, stretching even further than his bravery in the moment, Gandhi’s courage incited action all around the world, and encouraged people to see the power in non-violence(â€Å"Mohandas Gandhi†). In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout observes a spectrum of courage in her town. Through the people of Maycomb, Scout’s definition of courage evolves from a simple defiance of one’s f ears, to facing human opposition, to standing up to an idea that strikes all of society, like the bravery of Gandhi. Her changing perception illustrates that courage is not just a personal victory, but often an impetus that changes the lives of a whole community. During Scout’s early childhood, her understanding of courage is simple and literal, and through her brother Jem, she learns that that courage often means nothing more than personal victory, conquering an intrinsic fear. For example, in an encounter with simple courage Scout watches

Chapter 31 Essential Questions Essay - 1072 Words

Chapter 31 Essential Questions 1. How and why did America turn toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s? Americans turned toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s because of the red scare. Many people used the red scare to break the backs of all struggling unions. Isolationist Americans had did not have a lot of hope in the 1920s. There began to be a large amount of immigrants flowing into the US. During 1920-1921, over 800,000 immigrants had come. This type of immigration was known as the New Immigration. The Emergency Quota act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 severely limited immigration and was taken from the census of 1890 rather than 1910, because 1890 was a huge immigration†¦show more content†¦People wouldn’t like Japanese, Chinese, Italians, Irish, etc. As for assimilation, many people come to this country with no intention of ever becoming Americans. They want to be known as Americans. A lot of the immigrants didn’t want to pay taxes or learn English, except work at a really low wage and steal jobs. 4. Why did critics like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne dislike the pressure on immigrants to â€Å"Americanize† and join the â€Å"melting pot†? What did they envision that America should be like under the ideals of â€Å"cultural pluralism†? Critics like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne, who was a progressive writer and public intellectual from New Jersey, both disliked the pressure on immigrants to â€Å"Americanize† and join the â€Å"melting pot† because they felt that Americanism should not be associated with Anglo-Saxonism. Randolph said that the US should put up immigrant cultures into a cosmopolitan America instead of forcing immigrants to get used to Anglophilic culture. 5. How did some of the events of the 1920s reflect national conflict over social, cultural and religious values? The Red Scare reflected the fear of Americans which they had of communists infiltrating the US government. Sacco and Vanzetti’s arrest and execution made foreigners fear America even more, especially the anarchists. This caused worldwide dispute over whether they were givenShow MoreRelatedSex-Linked Traits Through Meiosis and How It Relates to Genetics.1609 Words   |  7 Pagesslightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Simon, E. J., Reece, J. B., Dickey, J. L. (2010). Essential biology with physiology. (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Cell Biology Read MoreRole Of Women In India1228 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment in the organized sector (Rustagi, 2004). 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Pfizer Strageic Plan Free Essays

string(19) " we work and live\." OUTLINE FOR THE STRATEGIC PLAN Please bullet your responses. Staple the completed assignment; do not spend any money binding the assignment. Make sure to respond to every item. We will write a custom essay sample on Pfizer Strageic Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. GETTING STARTED A. Steps in Strategic Management Process Step 1 |Identify the organization’s mission, vision, and value statement | |Step 2 |Determine the firms main business and organizational objectives | |Step 3 |Conduct a SWOT analysis identifying the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats | |Step 4 |Construct a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) | |Step 5 |Construct an External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix | |Step 6 |Construct and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix | |Step 7 |Construct a Value Chain Analysis | |Step 8 |Prepare a SPACE, BCG, TOWS Analysis, and QSPM Matrix | |Step 9 |Use the data above to weigh alternative strategies, make strategic recommendations, develop a plan of action | | |(implementation), and convey the ROI | |Step 10 |Construct Contingency Plan | B. Information and/or materials used to complete assignment †¢ Resources used in completing the assignment are as follows: Strategic Management Concepts and C ases’ 12th edition textbook, SP 500 website, Yahoo Finance, Bloomberg. com, Pfizer. com, Google Finance, Reuters. om, and Google search engine including the web pages cited on the Works Cited page. C. Time Frame †¢ My goal is to actively work on a portion of the outline everyday and have it completed to its entirety by the time it is due; therefore I will not have to rush to get it done last minute. D. Resources Needed – all resource your team used to complete this assignment †¢ FAMU database, online articles, company website. II. MANDATES (â€Å"MUSTS†) -CLARIFYING/UNDERSTANDING A. History/Evolution of the Organization †¢ Pfizer was founded in 1849 by Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart in Brooklyn, New York and has remained dedicated to improving the health and well being of individuals around the world. The demand for Pfizer’s products soared throughout the Civil War as the demand for painkillers, disinfectants and preservatives increased. In 2000, Pfizer and Warner-Lambert merge to form the new Pfizer, which created the world’s fastest growing Pharmaceutical company. In 2008, Jeff Kindler, Chairman and CEO of Pfizer, announces the next step in the company’s evolution and outlines the company’s plan to establish smaller operating units designed to enhance innovation and accountability, while drawing upon the advantages of Pfizer’s scale and resources. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquires Wyeth, creating a company with a broad range of products and therapies that touch the lives of patients and consumers every day and at every stage of life. In 2010, Pfizer announces a diversified R platform named Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, supporting excellence in small molecules, large molecules and vaccine research and development. As apart of the acquisition of Wyeth in 2009, Pfizer initially implemented a two-division structure for research and development (BioTherapeutics and PharmaTherapeutics) to ensure the progress and steady integration of both legacy organizations. Due to the speed and effectiveness of that integration, Pfizer progresses to this new model while maintaining the same breadth and research programs. On December 1 and 2 2011 Pfizer completed the acquisitions of Excaliard Pharmaceuticals and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business, respectively. B. Identify formal aspects of the organization †¢ Corporate Governance Include: Board of Directors, Board Committees, Code of Ethics, CEO/CFO Certifications, Executive Officers, Policy and Procedures for Accounting and Legal Complaints †¢ Pfizer has created two distinct research organizations. The PharmaTherapeutics Research Development Group focuses on the discovery of small molecules and related modalities; and The BioTherapeutics Research Development Group focuses on large-molecule research, including vaccines. The goal with Pfizer doing this is to maximize opportunities within the Biomedical research sector. †¢ Pfizer has also developed an enhanced commercial operating structure. Pfizer has nine diverse health care businesses: Primary Care, Specialty Care, Oncology, Emerging Markets, Established Products, Consumer Healthcare, Nutrition, Animal Health and Capsugel. Each of these businesses is led by an executive with clear accountability for results – from product development following proof of concept to providing access to patients and through to the end of the product’s life cycle. B. Identify informal aspects culture of the organization †¢ Pfizer is sustained on innovation, which seeks a nourishing environment in which ideas and perspectives can flourish. It is an array of unique characteristics, perspectives, and life experiences. Pfizer Colleague Resource Groups (CRGs) are organized by colleagues who join together to provide a positive forum for professional development. By embracing diversity of thought and experience, our CRGs help drive innovation and build on our success. †¢ David Simmons, the president and general manager of the Established Products Business Unit at Pfizer. Simmons has been highly successful at building a new, non-traditional culture within Pfizer for his business unit. One example of this was that Simmons was able to product high quality drugs at affordable costs, and he did this as high grossing patents were near expiration III. VISION STATEMENT, MISSION STATEMENT VALUES STATEMENT ANALYSES A. Vision Statement At Pfizer, we’re inspired by a single goal: your health. That’s why we’re dedicated to developing new, safe medicines to prevent and treat the world’s most serious diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. We believe that from progress comes hope and the promise of a healthier world. B. Vision Statement Analysis – Does it answer the question â€Å"What to do we want to become? † If not, revise it. If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ Yes, I believe that it answers the question as to what they want to become. Its states that they are dedicated to developing new ways to prevent and treat diseases. C. Values Statement Pfizer does not have a value statement. D. Value Statement Analysis – Does it represent the organization’s guiding principles? If not, revise it. If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ Pfizer will work to provide the best quality drugs that will cater to the most people. We will ensure that as a company we will work to do what is best for our patients, physicians and consumers. B. Mission Statement †¢ We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners, and the communities where we work and live. You read "Pfizer Strageic Plan" in category "Essay examples" D. Mission Statement Analysis – Does it have the 9 components? If not, revise it to include all 9 components. If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ No, the mission statement does not include all the nine components. After revising the mission statement, it should be read: o We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners, and the communities where we work and live. We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. We will work hard to ensure that we keep up with the needs and problems of our consumers and provide what is best. We will continue to promote the well-being of our consumers as well as the well-being of our shareholders and employees as well as promote diversity. We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers are met at all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. We will forever be dedicated to developing new, safe medicines to prevent and treat the world’s most serious diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. |List each of the 9 components |Excerpts from Mission Statement addressing the component | |1. Customers |We will work hard to ensure that we keep up with the needs and problems of our consumers and provide what is| | |best. | |2. Products or Services |We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. | |3. Markets |We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. | |4. Technology |We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers are met at | | |all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. | |5. Concern for survival, growth, and profitability|We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers re met at | | |all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. | |6. Philosophy |We will forever be dedicated to developing new, safe medicines to prevent and treat the world’s most serious| | |diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. | |7. Self- Concept |We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, busines s | | |partners, and the communities where we work and live. | |8. Concern for public image |We will continue to promote the well-being of our consumers as well as the well-being of our shareholders | | |and employees as well as promote diversity. | |9. Concern for employees |We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business | | |partners, and the communities where we work and live. | IV. ASSESSING EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. Identify Opportunities / Threats – Analyze trends in the following areas: political, legal, competitive, economic, social, cultural, demographic, technological, environmental, and governmental. Provide at least 1 opportunity 1 threat for each of the 10 areas. Provide responses in bullet format. Political | |Opportunity |Threat | |Measures taken to close the Coverage gap also known as the donut hole may |New Health care Reform Bill was put in place 2010. This law requires drug | |result in people using more brand name drugs rather than buying generic. 9 |producer s to make rebates to state Medicaid agencies based on their costs to | | |provide prescription drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries. | | |Constant pressure to lower prescription drug prices from the government2 | |Legal | |Opportunity |Threat | |Acquisitions and in-licensing /co-development opportunities such as recent |Expiration of Patents for drugs, face a loss of up to billions of dollars due | |acquisitions of Excaliard and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business in December |to generics taking market share. For example, Lipitor, which grossed 11 billion| |2011 may help Pfizer meet unmet needs of their customers. 23 |in revenues last year expired November 28, 2011. This means that other | | |companies are allowed to produce the generic version of the drug. 2 | | |Number of New Molecular Entities approved by the FDA has declined. In 2009, | | |NMEs approved were 26 and 2010 were 21. 2 | | |Beginning of 2011 was a series of new fees in the form of excise taxes payable | | |to the federal government. 12 | |Competitive | |Opportunity |Threat | |Barriers for additional companies to enter the market are high. 4 |French drug maker Sanofi-Aventis’ $20 billion acquisition of Genzyme Corp. | | |completed in April 2011 | | |Fierce competition among Pharmaceutical companies such as Proctor Gamble and | | |Johnson Johnson. | | |Japanese drug sales are also expected to expand with current sales of 60 | | |billion, 11% of the world market share. | |Economic | |Opportunity |Threat | |Dema nds for certain drugs are relatively inelastic. 4 |Based on the projected losses due to loss of market share, Pfizer has shed | | |53,000 and 61, 000 jobs in 2010 and 2009 respectively | | |The decline in spending in the US in the last few years | | |Revenue may be hurt by ongoing negative effects from U. S. ealth care reform | | |and austerity pricing in Europe | | |Inflation will cause an increase in cost and raise drug prices | | |Competition from newer, better drugs may be a threat to sales. For example, | | |Vivus is a new ED drug that may be able to compete with Viagra. 3 | |Social | |Opportunity |Threat | |450 million Americans are over the age of 65 and healthcare spending is the |Number of NMEs approved by the FDA has declined12 | |highest among these individuals2 | | |Humana and Pfizer Form Research Partnership to Improve Health Care Delivery for| | |Seniors in 2011. | | |Cultural | |Opportunity |Threat | |Like GlaxoSmithKline and Abbott Labs in particular — Pf izer has its sights on |Number of legislative proposals seeking to allow importation of medicines into | |developing countries for a revenue bump. 13 |the U. S. and revenues could be affected | |Demographic | |Opportunity |Threat | |Asian drug sales are also expected to expand. For example, Takeda |77 million people by 2031 will be enrolled in Medicare and Health care and | |Pharmaceutical Company, Asia’s biggest drug maker, reported an 18 percent jump |Medicare will not be able to finance this many people2 | |in first-quarter profit, helped by the sale of new medicines in the beginning | | |of 2011. 9 | | |Technological | |Opportunity |Threat | |Pfizer has plenty of drugs in its pipeline with blockbuster potential. 3 | | |Environmental | |Opportunity |Threat | |Adoption of new environmental strategies to be more socially responsible |Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs and threat of | | |counterfeited drugs due to importing and exporting. | B. Monitor Major Stakeholders/Stakeholder Analysis – Customers, Competitors (list at least 3 of the organizations major competitors, Individuals in the community, Employees, Stockholders, etc. 1. Identify Stakeholders |Identify Internal Stakeholders |Identify External Stakeho lders | |Ian C. Reed- President, CEO, Director |Johnson Johnson | |Frank A. D’Amelio- CFO, EVP of Business Ops. |JP Morgan Chase Co | |Mikael Dolsten- Pfizer Worldwide RD |Northern Trust | |Freda- Lewis Hall- EVP, Chief Medical Officer |Proctor Gamble | 2. Stakeholder Matrix – classify the internal external stakeholders identified above into the appropriate boxes. High Interest/Importance, High Influence |High Interest/Importance, Low Influence | |Ian Reed |Proctor Gamble | |Frank D’Amelio |Johnson Johnson | |JP Morgan Chase Co |Dow Chemical | |State Street Corporation |Merck and Co Inc. | | |Customers | | Employees | |Low Interest/Importance, High Influence |Low Interest/Importance, Low Influence | |Government |Lenders | |Insurance Companies |Suppliers | | | | | | | | | | 3. Stakeholder Analysis |Stakeholder |Responsibility of |What does organization |Stakeholder’s potential |Stakeholders’ perceived |Stakeholder Management | | |Stakeholder to the |expect the stakeholder to |impact on the organization |attitudes and/or risks to |Strategy (SMS) | | |organization |provide? (high, medium, or low) |the organization | | | | | | | |N/A | |Investors |Fund the organization |Provide funding and |High |High Risk; Conservative | | | | |liquidity to the | |Attitude | | | | |organization | | | | | |Strategic plans and |Provide expertise, | |High Risk; Positive |Bottom-Up | |Employees |operations. Supports the|knowledge and value |High |Attitude | | | |functionality and | | | | | | |operational processes | | | | | | |Make critical decisions |Provide conceptual |High |High risk; Conservative |Top-down | |Shareholders | |knowledge and top-down flow| |Attitude | | | | |of decision making | | | | | |Meet market demands |Provide products and | |Medium Risk; Positive |N/A | |Suppliers | |services |Medium |Attitude | | External Factor Evaluation |Opportunities | | | | | |Weight |Rating (1-4) |Weighted Score | |1. Measures taken to close the donut hole may result in people using more brand |. 07 |3 |. 1 | |name drugs rather than buying generic | | | | |2. Acquisitions and in-licensing /co-development opportunities |. 06 |4 |. 24 | |3. 450 million Americans are over the age of 65 and healthcare spending is the |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |highest among these individuals | | | | |4. Expansion of the biologic pharmacy market. |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |5. Bought King pharmaceutical for $3. 6 billion which would open up more |. 06 |4 |. 4 | |manufacture and sales adding to the capital of the company (Carrie, 2009). | | | | |6. Barriers for additional companies to enter into market are high |. 05 |4 |. 20 | |7. Demands for certain drugs are relatively inelastic. |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |Threats | | | | |8. Japanese drug sales are also expected to expand with current sales of 60 |. 08 |2 |. 6 | |billion, 11% of the world market share. | | | | |9. In 2009, Pfizer got assessed a 2. 3 billion fine for which they employed illegal|. 08 |1 |. 08 | |marketing strategies. | | | | |10. Large manufacture and low research for new inductions in the market could |. 07 |2 |. 14 | |decline the profitability. | | | | |11. Constant pressure to lower prescription drug prices from the government |. 5 |2 |. 1 | |12. Number of NMEs approved by the FDA has declined |. 04 |2 |. 08 | |13. The decline in spending in the US in the last few years |. 07 |1 |. 07 | |14. Inflation will cause an increase in cost and raise drug prices |. 06 |1 |. 06 | |15. Number of legislative proposals seeking to allow importation of medicines into|. 05 |2 |. 1 | |the U. S. nd revenues could be affected | | | | |16. 77 million people by 2031 will be enrolled in Medicare and Health care and |. 06 |2 |. 12 | |Medicare will not be able to finance this many people | | | | | | |Total |2. 64 | Pfizer seems to be taking advantage of the opportunities presented as well as avoiding threats but there is still room for improvement. For example, Pfizer seems to be taking advantage of some of the acquisitions that they have had over the last two years. They are seizing the opportunities of the expanding biological pharmacy market. Starting with the acquisition of Wyeth in 2009 and then the acquisitions of Excaliard and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business. Pfizer saw that they were not meeting the needs of some of their customers but their competitors were. Excaliard is a privately owned biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel drugs for the treatment of skin fibrosis, more commonly referred to as skin scarring. Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business focuses on dietary supplements and lifestyle products. In addition to this, although New Molecular Entities approved by the FDA have declined, Pfizer has managed to get 3 drugs approved by the FDA in 2011 alone. Lastly, Pfizer has responded relatively well to the governmental pressure of lowering their prices as well as the Lipitor patent expiring at the end of November. Pfizer has implemented multiple rebate and discount programs to help assist their consumers. For example, Pfizer has recently partnered with Wal-Mart to offer a $4 prescription program allowing consumers to obtain their prescriptions at that low price. This helps to mitigate the complete loss of revenue and market share if consumers were to go to generic all together. I believe that the reason Pfizer did not receive a score of higher than a 3 was because a lot of these new policies have been recent (2010, 2011) and Pfizer seems to be trying to figure out how to remain profitable as well as cater to their consumers and these acquisitions are all relatively new and Pfizer seems to be just getting adjusted. Competitive Profile Matrix | |Pfizer |Johnson Johnson |Eli Lilly | |Critical Success Factors |Weight |Rating |Weighted Score |Rating |Weighted |Rating |Weighted Score | | | | | | |Score | | | |Organizational Structure |. 05 |2 |. 10 |4 |. 20 |1 |. 5 | |Price Competitiveness |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 | |Advertising |. 04 |1 |. 04 |1 |. 04 |4 |. 16 | |Product Quality |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 | |Sales Distribution |. 10 |4 |. 40 |3 |. 30 |2 |. 0 | |Customer Loyalty |. 03 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 | |Global Expansion |. 11 |4 |. 44 |3 |. 33 |2 |. 22 | |Market Share |. 11 |4 |. 44 |4 |. 44 |3 |. 33 | |Demographics |. 03 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 9 | |Financial Position |. 15 |4 |. 60 |3 |. 45 |2 |. 30 | |Research and Development |. 13 |4 |. 52 |4 |. 52 |3 |. 39 | |Innovation |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |2 |. 20 | |Total |1. 00 | |3. 52 | |3. 16 | |2. 58 | From constructing the Competitive Profile Matrix, it is apparent that Pfizer is the strongest among the three competitors compared. V. ASSESSING INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. Strengths/Weaknesses |Management | |Strength |Weakness | |In June 2011, Pfizer announced strategic partnerships with ICON plc and PAREXEL|Sometimes Pfizer may have to discontinue the production of drugs; therefore the| |International Corporation, both of which will serve as strategic providers of |demand for that drug increases. |clinical trial implementation services over a five-year period beginning in | | |June 2011 | | |Adoption of new environmental strategies to be more socially responsible | | |Working with numerous companies to do collaborative work in research and | | |development. | | |Pfizer is continually developing new strategies such as plant restructuring and| | |energy master plan. | |Pfizer is divided into multiple sectors so that most leaders have a specific | | |rather than general role. | | |Pfize r expects to increase its market share from 4% to 6% by reinforcing its | | |leadership, expanding developments in high growth markets, building leadership | | |in oncology and taking advantage of RD in Asia and other countries. | |Marketing | |Strength |Weakness | |Renewed emphasis in the faster growing fields of specialty pharmaceuticals, |Co marketing with other pharmaceutical companies may slow down its global | |biologics, vaccines, and, in some cases, even generics. |growth. | |Its number one pharmaceutical from sales point of view and its marketing |Decreased amount of advertising | |infrastructure is well established throughout the world. | | |Pfizer as six markets, which include Brazil, China, Mexico, Turkey, Russia, and| | |India. | |For the ninth consecutive year, the Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sales Force was voted| | |as first overall in Verispan’s â€Å"Pharmaceutical Sales Force Structures. | | |Human Resources | |Strength |Weakness | |Global working network wit h 95,000 workers |According the glassdoor. om, the company morale is at an all time low | |Accounting/Financials | |Strength |Weakness | |7. 5% ranking corporation market share |Prices, according to the federal government, are too high and are currently | |Sales have increased from 16. 02% in 2008 to 22. 89% in 2010. |trying to get Pfizer to cut their prices. | |High budget pharmaceutical industries having the revenue of $50 billion |Lowest Earnings per Share among competitors. For example, Pfizer has an EPS of | | |$. 48 and Johnson Johnson and Eli Lilly have an EPS of $1. 5 and $1. 11, | | |respectively. | | |The integration of large acquisitions including a pair by Pfizer — hasn’t | | |resulted in s great return on equity. | | |Each new drug can cost as much as $1 billion to develop, with no guarantee of | | |success. |Internal Technology | |Strength |Weakness | |Due to the expectation of the drugs expiring and the decline and market share, |Delays caused by regu lations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials| |Pfizer has focused most of the RD on Biotech based treatments |reduce the potential recovery and returns of investments such as RD. | |Their research and development sector is highly established and in good | | |strength. | | |Renewed emphasis in the faster growing fields of specialty pharmaceuticals, | | |biologics, vaccines, and, in some cases, even generics. | | |Pfizer Announces Licensing Agreement With Puma Biotechnology, Inc. For The | | |Development And Commercialization Of Neratinib, An Investigational Pan-HER | | |Inhibitor | | |U. S. Food And Drug Administration Approves Pfizer’s XALKORI ® (crizotinib) As | | |First And Only Therapy Specifically For Patients With Locally Advanced Or | | |Metastatic ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. | | | | |Other | |Strength |Weakness | |Chance to acquire new patents for new technological products |Currently only serving American, European and Asian markets. They are not | |Pfizer has been public in its efforts to address climate change. Our Energy and|serving African or Australian markets. | |Climate Change Program seeks to minimize the cost and operational restrictions | | |arising from a carbon-constrained environment, reduce Pfizer’s contribution to | | |GHG emissions, and assess the risk presented to Pfizer’s operations from the | | |potential physical changes resulting from a warming global climate. | |Pfizer has committed to en sure that their quality is top notch and no | | |counterfeit products have been purchased by their consumers. | | |Pfizer is committed to its outsourcing. The key considerations for outsourcing | | |decisions include the ability to supply and capacity flexibility, regulatory | | |compliance and safe practices, technology and cost competiveness. | | |Pfizer has a structure for quality. Some components include creating, | | |implementing, and upholding standard operating procedures for trial execution, | | |a quality scientific and medical design of the protocol, clinical investigator | | |and site pre-assessment and selection, regulatory agency and ethics committee | | |approval, developing and providing appropriate informed consent, adequate | | |recording and reporting of data, periodic monitoring and audits. | | B. Value Chain Analysis – Graphically depict the organization’s value chain |Infrastructure: | |-Pfizer’s Executive Leadership Team is the company’s senior-most leadership and decision-making management body. It brings together our top leaders to focus on major | |financial, strategic and operational decisions for the company. | |-The Governance structure of Pfizer consists of an Executive Board (CEO, CFO, President), Board of Directors (Dennis Ausiello, Michael S. Brown), Shareholders (JPMorgan,| |Northern Trust, Ian Reed, State Street Corporation). | |-Pfizer has made several initiatives to ensure a diverse company culture. They also have recognized their responsibility towards their customers. Certain policies | |include: Business conduct, Lobbying and Political contributions, Sales and Marketing, Research and clinical trials, workplace standards, and laboratory animal care. 10 | |Human Resource Management: | |Pfizer has agreements with different universities and recruit from different areas of study. This serves to create a diverse environment and fosters a challenging and | |open culture. Some of their values with regards to their employees are: sustain focus on performance, create an inclusive environment, exchange open discussion and | |debate, manage change, develop people, and align across Pfizer. 2 | |Research and Development: | |Pfizer is prioritizing its research and development efforts in areas with the greatest scientific and commercial promise: immunology and inflammation, oncology, | |cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neuroscience and pain, and vaccines. Through major research efforts across multiple modalities including small molecules, | |biologics and vaccines. | |Pfizer has set up the phases of clinical development from making the drug to administering the drug through clinical trials and then manufacturing and selling the drugs. | |2 | |Procurement: | |Pfizer is expected to increase outsourced manufacturing of products from approximately 17 percent to 30 percent over the next three years. Key considerations for | |outsourcing decisions include the ability to supply, capacity flexibility, cost competitiveness,and technology. | |Inbound Logistics: |Operations: |Outbound Logistics: |Marketing and Sales: |Service: | |Pfizer procurement professionals |-Pfizer has nine diverse health|-Pfizer has trained over 95 |-Channels of marketing include:|-Pfizer is committed to providing a | |regularly |care businesses: Primary Care, |percent of colleagues worldwide|Television, print ad and online|quality drug to their customers. | |engage with suppliers to reinforce |Specialty Care, Oncology, |in basic problem solving, which|ads. Pfizer has created programs such as | |Pfizer’s expectations in all |Emerging Markets, Established |has resulted in over 8,000 |-Pharmaceutical sales |the $4 Wal-Mart prescription program| |operational business areas. This |Products, Consumer Healthcare, |improvement |representatives are among the |to provide their drugs at a fraction| |collaboration leads |Nutrition, Animal Health and |projects across the world in |top in the nation. They receive|of the cost. | |to improvement projects with |Capsugel†. 8 |the last five |extensive training so they are |- | |significant performance benefits, | |years. Significant improvements|knowledgeable of the drugs. | |such as reduced | |to Pfizer’s |They have knowledge of Pfizer | | |packaging and transportation costs, | |key products have delivered a |products as well as their | | |and elimination of undesirable | |40 percent reduction i n both |competitors. 2 | | |chemicals through process | |the time to make and ship the | | | |improvements†. 8 | |product as well as allowing a | | | | | |reduction in inventory†. 8 | | | Primary Activities Financial Ratios: Financial Ratios |Pfizer Inc |Industry |SP 500 |How Pfizer is doing in | | | | | |comparison to the industry? | |Growth Rate % | | | | | |Sales (Qtr vs. year ago Qtr) |7. 5 |5. 90 |14. 40 |Better | |Net Income (YTD vs. YTD) NA |NA |NA | | |Net Income (Qtr vs. year ago Qtr) |185. 10 |66. 00 |46. 30 |Better | |Sales (5 Year Annual Avg) |7. 42 |7. 59 |8. 28 |Worse | |Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg) |1. 68 |2. 38 |8. 48 |Worse | |Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg) |-1. 08 |9. 81 |5. 9 |Worse | | | | | | | |Financial Condition | | | | | |Debt/Equity Ratio |. 46 |1. 14 |1. 05 |Better | |Current Ratio |2. 3 |1. 7 |1. 4 |Better | |Quick Ratio |1. 9 |1. 4 |1. 0 |Better | |Interest Coverage |9. 6 |23. 5 |316. |Worse | | | | | | | |Investment Returns % | | | | | | Return on Equity |11. 4 |30. 0 |26. 3 |Worse | |Return on Assets |5. 2 |8. 8 |8. 9 |Worse | |Return on Capital |6. 1 |11. 7 |11. 9 |Worse | | | | | | |Management Efficiency | | | | | |Income/Employee |91,763 |84,518 |130,228 |Better | |Revenue/Employee |616,998 |539,073 |1 Mil |Better | |Receivable Turnover |4. 5 |5. 5 |15. 9 |Worse | |Assets Turnover |0. 4 |0. 6 |0. |Better | |Inventory Turnover |1. 8 |2. 7 |12. 5 |Worse | * http://moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/compare. asp? symbol=pfe* C. Assess all Functional areas using the internal checklists Management Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Does the organization use strategic management concepts? |Yes, Pfizer is continually developing new strategies such as plant restructuring and | | |energy master plan. For example, In June 2011, Pfizer announced strategic partnerships | | |with ICON plc and PAREXEL International Corporation, both of which will serve as strategic| | |providers of clinical trial implementation services over a five-year period beginning in | | |June 2011 | |2. Are organization objectives and goals measurable and well |Yes, some of Pfizer’s goals include maximizing opportunities in Biomedical research, | |communicated? |forging relationships with ey customers, etc. | |3. Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan effectively? |Yes, Pfizer is divided into multiple sectors so that most leaders have a specific rather | | |than general role. Pfizer is divided into 2 sectors, the PharmaTherapeutics Research | | |Development Group and the BioTherapeutics Research Development Group. Each sector has | | |its own managers; therefore it becomes easier to be able to plan effectively. | |4. Is the organization’s structure appropriate? |Yes, their leadership brings together top leaders to focus on major financial, operational| | |and strategic decisions. They have managers for every sector who work specifically to | | |foster the success of that sector. This creates an atmosphere for managers and employees | | |to focus on their specific sector rather than divide their attention. | |5. Are job descriptions and job specifications clear? Yes, Pfizer provides a detailed description of the top managers and what they do as well | | |as what they expect from all their employees. | |6. Is employee morale high? |No, according to glassdoor. com, the employee morale is at an all time low. | |7. Is employee turnover and absenteeism low? |Yes, Pfizer currently has over 110,000 employees and they have managed to maintain their | | |staff turnover at a rate lower than 10% per year for the past 10 years, despite the | | |industry’s average rate of 15%. | |8. Are organizational reward and control mechanisms effective? |Yes, Pfizer has recently raised its salary for its employees from the 50th to the 75th | | |percentile of markets rates. | Marketing Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Are markets segmented effectively? |Yes, Pfizer as six markets which include Brazil, China, Mexico, Turkey, Russia, and India | |2. Is the organization positioned well among competitors? |Yes, Pfizer ranks #2 right behind Proctor and Gamble | |3. Has the organization’s market share been increasing? Yes, Pfizer expects to increase its market share from 4% to 6% by reinforcing its | | |leadership, expanding developments in high growth markets, building leadership in oncology| | |and taking advantage of RD in Asia and other countries. | |4. Are present channels of distribution reliable and |No, according to Pfizer. com, globalization has made channels of distribution easy targets | |cost-effective? |for counterfeiting products. Drug Importation also poses a difficult task of closely | | |monitoring these drugs to prevent counterfeiting and damaged goods. | |5. Does the organization have an effective sales organization? Yes, For the ninth consecutive year, the Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sales Force was voted as | | |first overall in Verispan’s â€Å"Pharmaceutical Sales Force Structures. | |6. Does the organization conduct market research? |Yes, this is the basis for their business. They have to research the causes and effects | | |for the drugs that they manufacture and produce. | |7. Are the organization’s products and services priced |No, the federal government has been trying to get Pfizer to decrease its prices to be more| |appropriately? |affordable for customers. | |8. Does the organization have an effective promotion, advertising,|Yes, Pfizer products have become a household name for most. Pfizer has a marketing | |and publicity strategy? |strength in major geographical and therapeutic areas. | |9. Is marketing planning and budgeting effective? |Yes, one of Pfizer’s plans is to cut the budget of R by 12 million dollars by the end of| | |2012. | |10. Do the organization’s marketing managers have adequate |Yes, from inspection of the top marketing managers, they all have experience prior to | |experience and training? |Pfizer. | |11. Are product quality and customer service good? |Yes, Pfizer has committed to ensure that their quality is top notch and no counterfeit | | |products have been purchased by their consumers. They have implemented numerous plans in | | |order to assure top quality. This stems from their procurement strategies such as making | | |sure that their suppliers only produce the utmost quality of products. | Finance Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Where is the organization financially strong weak as |Yes, the company has a high gross profit margin at 81. 5%, which indicates a strong | |indicated by financial ratio analyses? |position in the market. | |2. Can the organization raise needed short-term capital? |Yes, their operating activity ratios for the most part have improved. For example, their | | |inventory turnover decreased in 2009 to 4. 03 but then increased in 2010 to 8. 07. | |3. Can the organization raise needed long-term capital through |Yes, most of the company’s ratios seemed to have decreased in 2009, but most recuperated | |debt and/or equity? |in 2010. For xample, total asset turnover decreased in 2009 to 0. 23 but then increased in| | |2010 to 0. 35. | |4. Does the organization have sufficient working capital? |Yes, the company’s working capital increased since 2009. In 2010, the working capital was | | |$18,991 million. | |5. Are capital budgeting procedures effective? |Yes, the company has deci ded to cut back in R costs in order to save capital | |6. Are dividend payout policies reasonable? |No, the payout for dividends is currently $. 20 per share which is $. 3 less than its | | |number one competitor, Proctor Gamble | |7. Does the organization have good relations with its investors |Yes, all the financials are reported online and there is a sense of transparency with the | |and stockholders? |investors and the company. | |8. Are the organization’s financial managers experienced and well |Yes, all managers have experience prior to working at Pfizer | |trained? | | R Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Does the organization have R facilities? Are they adequate? |Yes, Pfizer has the world’s largest research. Pfizer has six main research locations, | | |which include: New York, California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, UK and Missouri. | |2. If outside R organizations are used, are they cost-effective? |N/A, Pfizer does not use outside R organizations. | |3. Are the organization’s R personnel well qualified? |Yes, Pfizer has a rigorous screening process for their scientists that work in R. This | | |is done to ensure a quality product. | |4. Are management information and computer systems adequate? Yes, Pfizer engaged PA Consulting Group to create and implement a rapid, insightful | | |information management solution that would help the company manage and derive value from | | |the wealth of project and agreement information. 14 | |5. Is communication between R and other organizational units |Yes, communication has to be effective when it comes to R and the other sectors. This | |effective? |has to be done to ensure safe, effective products. | |6. Are present products technologically competitive? |Yes, Pfizer has some of the leading medications in areas such as Internal Medicine. The | | |drug Lipitor is the leading drug for the reduction of cholesterol in the industry as of | | How to cite Pfizer Strageic Plan, Essay examples

20 rules to succseefull parenting Essay Example For Students

20 rules to succseefull parenting Essay Instructor Cheril ThompsonParents need to live in a consistent life one in which they exercise control. Parents must live by what they believe in so that their children may see the example they set. If parents do this then their childrens characters may be well balanced. Care must be taken by parents to make the Bible their guide in the way their children are brought up. Christs character should be set forth as an example for the children to follow. Children, when they are disobedient could be taught what the Lord stands for and what He did in the past to sins committed. The childs education must first begin at home where he may be taught by his parents, lessons of life such as respect, obedience, reverance, and self-control. These lessons are important and should be taught well because the will serve to follow in his life here on earth. School should not be designated as the first place where knowledge is imparted, but it should begin at home with the parents. There are often time that parents forget that they were once children and had parents. Parents do not remember that they felt neglected because they did not receive the love, care, attention, and concern they desired. Parents should remember how they felt as children and try to fulfil all of the needs that their children are presently yearning for. The home should be a place where children can observe their parents behaviour and model it. The attitude and behaviours that parents display towards one another should be one of loving, tender, concern, and respect so that their children could follow. Parents should not neglect rules because they are necessary in the home and should not be cast aside. Often time parents take the task of raising their children lightly. They need to accept their responsibility of training their children to be children of God who are able to control themselves. Parents with an intimate connection with God, will ensure that they show how much they love their children by doing everything in their power for them and not allowing them to have their own way. Counsel to Parents, Teachers and Students, 113 Love and the attributes of God should be shown to children through the way in which, their parents, model it. The home should be a place of happiness and caring. The home that models Gods original plan is worth more that riches or wealth and no monetary value can be placed on such precious treasure. Mind, Character and Personality, 215 The relationship that parents have among themselves needs to be one filled with care and concern. Children will learn to relate to their parents instructions and to others by imitating what takes place between their mother and father. Fathers should relate in a loving way towards the mother and the mother should respect and accept it readily. Mind, Character and Personality, 216 To have a home like the one God intended that is more precious than gold; parents should show their affection to their children in the way then act, speak, and the things they do to and for their children. This will be the final or greatest step in making children draw closer to their parents. The home is where most of what a child learns takes place. The home training should begin as early as possible because this is where the child learns values, morals, beliefs, and develops a character. The effects of such training can be seen even when the child is all grown up because it has a lasting effect even above what is learnt in the later years. .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .postImageUrl , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:hover , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:visited , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:active { border:0!important; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:active , .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3 .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36b15d59e1daecea8ee3f1ac21a78da3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Homeless: What Has Been Done To Decrease The P Essay In the development of a child who has good wholesome values, morals, and beliefs, the home is the only influence that has the greatest impact. A great duty and privilege rest on the shoulder of parents. The work they are called to do requires that they do not only give their all, but it demands the best. The work calls for a life long commitment and all of the fruits of the spirit are needed to ensure that children are trained to have a strong personal relationship with God. One of the worlds greatest responsibilities is for mothers to train their children to be well-rounded .

Concept of Quality Improvement and Role of ACSQHC

Question: Discuss concept of quality improvement and reole of ACSQHC. Answer: Introduction In this report, the author will discuss the concept and significance of the quality improvement in health care. The author will detail the role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care and the Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services. Quality improvement Quality improvement in health care can be defined as the combined effort of medical professionals, researchers, educators, patients and their families to achieve better patient outcomes through effective changes in the health care (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2015). Every change may not lead to the improvement unless it makes full use of "science of disease biology" (Greenfield et al., 2015). Therefore, the change must include generalisable scientific knowledge, and the care is delivered in macrosystem, microsystem, and mesosystem in a modified way (Will Weinschreider, 2012). The changes refer to enhanced medical care facilities and improved health outcomes. Meeting the needs and expectations of the patients is the key to measuring the quality of services (Winters et al., 2013). Such practices include evidence-based care, patient engagement, provision of care with effective coordination with another part of the health care system, patient-centered care, and c are including culture competence and linguistically appropriate (Boswell et al., 2015). There are ten national standards, which regulate the quality, and safety of the health services, which ultimately improves the patient outcomes (Boy Sheen, 2014). The primary standards are: Prevention of the health infections Partnership with the consumers Safety related to medical services Measurement of safety and quality of health service Identification and application of correct health plan for the patient prevention of pressure injuries Blood product management Recognition of clinical deterioration Prevention of fall Handover of the patient in a clinical emergency (Hannaford et al., 2013) The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) along with Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human services plays a significant role in quality improvement of health services (Hibbard Greene, 2013). These bodies govern and monitor the ten national standards. Based on these standards these governing bodies have formulated their guidelines for further improvement of health organizations. Evidence-based practice is gaining importance all over the world. It includes the principle of support or rejection of a treatment based on evidence, experienced clinical judgment in identification of "unique health state and diagnosis" and values/preferences of clients (McCalman et al., 2012). Together with patient-centered care it is the best measurement of health quality improvement. Additionally, effective collaboration between heath care professionals and correct leadership style is essential for a right working environment (Cunningham et al., 2012). The author will further discuss the role of ACSQHC in an improvement of hospitals and health services. There exists the range of benefits with an implementation of quality improvement programs that reflect the importance of these programs in health care settings. These include improved patient health with reduced mortality and morbidity with increased managerial processes (McFadden et al., 2014). By improving clinical processes, excess cost due to system failure or medical errors and redundancy is reduced. Those organizations committed to such quality services reflect a culture of positivity and improvement development (Healy, 2013). It will, in turn, improve the communication, funding and partnership opportunities. It ensures the reliability and predictability of the services. Overall the organization will have a balance of quality, efficiency, and profitability in its accomplishments of goals (Hibbard Greene, 2013). Role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care ( ACSQHC) (200) The Council of Australian Governments has established ACSQHC to coordinate and lead national improvements in health care safety and quality (Boyd Sheen, 2014). This aim includes involvement of Health Ministers to drive desired improvements by providing them "strategic advice on best practices." The National Health Reform Act 2011 as an independent and permanent authority under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 specifies the roles of ACSQHC and its responsibilities (Huber, 2013). Since 2014, Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 governs it (Boyd Sheen, 2014). To achieve its aim, ACSQHC will develop "national safety and clinical standards formulate and implement national accreditation schemes and develop national datasets". In addition, it will identify and decrease any unwarranted variation in services and patient outcomes (Healy, 2013). This unwarranted variation includes misuse or underuse of health services, a discrepancy in productivity and health care safety and quality (Kyrkjeb and Hanestad, (2009). It will work towards nationally coordinated action to address infections associated with health care and antimicrobial resistance (Lowthian et al., 2013). It also attempts to develop "clinical care standards" to provide care based on specific clinical conditions of a patient. The clinical standards will focus on the "areas of high volume, high-cost care where there is known variation from well-established models of care" (Boyd Sheen, 2014). It supports its role in achieving its goal by obtaining the range of data, interprets the same by its analysis, disseminates the information related to safety and quality of health care, and publishes reports of the same. According to Greenfield et al., (2015) ACSQHC promotes health care safety and quality awareness as well as awareness of clinical and health service standards by engaging with range of stakeholders, State and Territory Governments, private sector health providers, clinicians, public health bodies and consumers (Healy, 2013). The ACSQHC vision for Australias health care improvement comprises of three core principles that are consumer-centered, information supported and safety organization (Huber, 2013). In 2012, ACSQHC implemented the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS) (Hannaford et al., 2013). These provide guidelines for increased safety and quality in particular areas of practice. It identified clinical governance as the "core aspect of the health service safety and quality" (Healy, 2013). The nature of these standards is evidence based which requires the initiative of clinical governance found on prior learning and research (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The ACSQHC works with jurisdictions to coordinate the implementation of those standards and monitor their effectiveness. It will administer the accreditation of health care professionals through Australian Health Services Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme (AHSSQA) (Greenfield et al., 2015). ACSQHC together with the National Health Performance Authority strive for identification and development of indicators of the safety and quality performance of the health system (Ibrahim et al., 2014). These indicators help the care providers in improving their performance. It will support and assist the accrediting agencies to implement the standards of NSQHS (Boswell et al., 2015). In Queensland, AHSSQA is mandatory for hospitals, multipurpose health centers and day procedure units (Greenfield et al., 2015). It uses ten standards of NSQHS, replacing the clinical standards, which the accreditation agencies used previously. State and territory health departments regulate the requirement for accreditation. It monitors the outcomes on a timely basis for rectifying the practice performance. According to Boyd Sheen, (2014) "ACSQHC will continue to coordinate the establishment of these processes and the related activity of health service accrediting agencies and monitor the effectiveness of the NSQHS Standards". The mental health service is to maintain accreditation against the NSQHS Standards and the National Standards for Mental Health Services (Badland et al., 2014). In 2006, AIHW and ACSQHC signed a partnership agreement with broad intentions to drive and enhance the safety and quality of health care by working towards more informative and usable national system of information (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). The development of set of 55 national indicators of the safety and quality of clinical care provided to patients across the Australian health care system was the primary outcome of this agreement (Cunningham et al., 2012). The framework provided by ACSQHC includes 21 actions, which will be adopted by the medical professionals to improve the practice performance and hospital services (Finkelman, 2015). This framework insists on collaborative work to revise the existing plans to design new goals. The guidelines insist the framework to be followed by all the primary, secondary and other acute care facilities (Cunningham et al., 2012). The official website of ACSQHC highlights the national patient blood management (Boyd Sheen, 2014). Blood product is essential life saving tool. Improper blood transfusion is associated with various health hazards such as allergy or Erythroblastosis foetalis. Improvement in blood collection and management will lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality rate (Engelbrecht et al., 2013). According to (Boswell et al., 2015) Effective communication among clinical staff and other team of hospital is essential for achieving the goal of quality improvement. Several communication p rograms are developed that include health literacy, summaries of electronic discharge and open disclosure (Girard Parsons, 2012). Patient fall is the other major health concern increasing since recent times (Ibrahim et al., 2014). The ACSQHC has developed guidelines for fall prevention. It mandates the hospitals to build up residential aged care facilities to arrange special care for aged and disabled patients as they are largely affected by falls (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Australia is conducting field trials for implementing the use of assistive robots in nursing homes for aged patients. These robots communicate much like humans and improve quality of care and emotional well-being of elderly patients (Khosla et al., 2013). In order to improve the patient safety and medication procedures two main tools were developed. These are Medication safety self-assessment for Australian hospital and Medication safety self-assessment for antithrombotic therapy in Australian Hospitals (Boyd Sheen, 2014). These tools assist the medical professionals to self-assess their safety practice performance and provide an opportunity for improvement (Cunningham et al., 2012). According to Girard Parsons, (2012), Patient engagement is another important aspect of the person-centered care. Inclusion of patients in decision-making and collaborating with them to disseminate the information is an important approach of person-centered care (Lowthian et al., 2013). The ACSQHC intends to prioritize clinical practice development and to reduce the cost due to medical errors and redundancy (McFadden et al., 2014). The commission has collaborated with Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Australia and developed a framework for general practice accreditation. It aims to address the issues related to general practice and works to drive the goal of safety and quality improvement (Varghese, 2014). In order to improve the mental health safety, the commission has developed an appeal system and standards with National Health Service (NHS) for quality improvement of mental health services (McGorry et al., 2013). In Australia, cognitive impairment among aged population is a common issue. Hospitals are burdened with patients of dementia and Alzheimers disease (Roberts et al., 2009). The ACSQHC is engaged to Therapeutic Advisory Group to direct the quality use of mental health medication (Cunningham et al., 2012). The commission also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance through infection control guidelines (Mento et al., 2002). It focuses on the prevention of airborne, contact and droplet standard infections (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). This action is carried by ACSQHC in collaboration with Territory Department of Health (Moumtzoglou, 2012). Additionally, a Knee Pain Advisory Group is formed by the commission to address and improve the issues related to care delivered in knee osteoarthritis (Mumford et al., 2015). The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services provides ten standards highlighting the National Safety and Quality Health service (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The first standard deals with the staff and caregivers responsibilities. The staff responsibilities include right skills, organizational support, and patient engagement in decision-making and proper training (Olds et al., 2013). To accomplish the vision annual review is performed by the management. The second standard involves consumer partnering and emphasize on collaboration with patients for quality improvement of services (Healy, 2013). Prevention and control of infection is included in third standard. It refers to maintenance of aseptic conditions and hygiene by regular cleaning and sterilization of the equipments and medical instruments. Strict guidelines are set for the staff. It mandates the clinicians to adopt the antimicrobial stewardship programs for patient support (Spooner et al., 2016). The fourth standard refers to prevention of medical errors and it adverse health effects. It explains provision of timely medical care to the patients, administration of correct medicines in right dosage and extra care while handling high-risk medicines (Boswell et al., 2015) The fifth standard includes Patient identification and procedure matching (Cunningham et al., 2012). It refers to stringent hospital conditions in correct identification of patients name and specific clinical condition and medication for which they are entitled (Staggers Blaz, 2013). There are several incidences of major health adversities due to maladministration of hospitals. Current practices include identification of patients with specific ID card and bands or other suitable measures (Healy, 2013). Clinical handover is the sixth standard refers to timely update of handover documents. It focuses on patient inclusion in decision making, discharge planning, maintaining the confidentiality of collected information (Hannaford et al., 2013). The seventh standard is the management of blood and blood products to eliminate the immunological complications arising due to error in clinical transfusions. Correct blood transfusion is essential for patients survival. The standard refers to res ponsibilities of staff in maintaining, efficient handling and storage of blood products (Engelbrech et al., 2013). Additional precautions should be taken for intravenous access equipments and a careful monitoring is required while transfusion (Moumtzoglou, 2012). The eighth standard deals with preventing, and managing pressure injuries. It highlights the strategies for preventing injuries. It also involves comprehensive skin assessment (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Pressure injury is highly associated with immobility during hospital admissions (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). This area demands implementation of appropriate management plans. The other parameter is the analysis of risk assessment during the patient transfer (Swayne et al., 2012). The ninth standard is Recognition and responding to clinical deterioration in acute care facilities. The care providers need to identify and respond quickly to prevent any sudden death due to cardiac arrests and other related factors (Varghese, 2014). The standard refers to Regular monitoring of physiological changes and communicating the information to the family members of the patient and assists them with their concern (Pascoe et al., 2014). The tenth standard deals with the prevention of falls in hospital and its harm. There must be adequate care facilities for disabled and aged patients. Majority of the falls are preventable if appropriate measures are taken (Lowthian et al., 2013). Therefore, adequate strategies must be developed to prevent falls. Staff must assess each patient and note the risk of falls. Additional care and preventive measures should be taken at the time of discharge, handover and transfer of the patients (Moumtzoglou, 2012). According to the Alfred Annual Report, there is increase in improvement of health safety and quality services due to growing awareness related to healthy lifestyle, sustainability of the environment by recycling and waste management and community involvement (Girard Parsons, 2012). In addition, to the standards of Victorian State government, there are additional regulations for the allied health services (Will Weinschreider, 2012). It mainly focuses on, CPD rural health; prevention of workplace bullying, allied health graduates, heat waves associated health impacts and CCC framework. This framework directs the workers to develop structures and processes for effective health workforce based on credentialing, competency, and capability (Cunningham et al., 2012). Conclusion Quality improvement is implementing safe health care practices that are efficient, equitable, timely and patient centered. This level of focus on quality improvement did not exist several years ago. In this assignment, the author has clearly depicted the importance of quality improvement and its role in service improvement within hospitals and health services. It highlighted several benefits of improving clinical and managerial processes. As evident from peer reviewed articles these improvement programs have a potential to make the major contribution in resource poor settings. According to Hibbard Greene, (2013), Demonstrable improvements in quality may encourage greater investment in health systems in developing countries by increasing donor, population and governmental confidence that resources are being used well. The concept of data-driven as meaningful quality improvement is well justified. Managed care indicates the management of care processes and not the management of doctor s and nurses. The author has given an insight into the role of both Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) and Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services which provides safe and quality services based on the ten national standards. The commission has developed national safety standards, accreditation schemes are formulated and implemented and develops health related databases. The committee has laid a proper framework for managers, leaders, physicians, nurses and other health care professional who will be influenced by the goal to change the quality existing services. It works towards the goal by reducing the unwarranted variations in practice methods. In addition, it also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance. Taking into consideration, the guidelines, health standards, and accreditation schemes there will be the improvement in evidence-based care, person-centered approac h, patient engagement, increased fall prevention, protective blood transfusion and control of health care-related infections. References Anand, G., Chhajed, D., Delfin, L., (2012) Job autonomy, trust in leadership, and continuous improvement: An empirical study in health care, Operations Management Research, 5(3), 70-80, Andersen, H. B., Siemsen, I. M. D., Petersen, L. F., Nielsen, J., stergaard, D. (2015). Development and validation of a taxonomy of adverse handover events in hospital settings.Cognition, Technology Work,17(1), 79-87. Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S, Malo, J-L, Shafiq, H. (2012), Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model, Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 764-782 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015), Safety and quality of health care, Retrieved from: Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., ... Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.Social Science Medicine,111, 64-73. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boyd, L., Sheen, J. (2014). The national safety and quality health service standards requirements for orientation and induction within Australian Healthcare: A review of the literature.Asia Pacific journal of health management,9(3), 31-37. Coulter, M. N. E., Garrahy, P., Grenfell, R., Hoffman, M. B., Hung, J., Jacobs, I., ... Tonkin, A. (2014). Suggested citation. Cunningham, F. C., Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J. I., Braithwaite, J. (2012). Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety,21(3), 239-249. Engelbrecht, S., Wood, E. M., Cole-Sinclair, M. F. (2013). Clinical transfusion practice update: haemovigilance, complications, patient blood management and national standards.Med J Aust,199(6), 397-401.

Logistics and Operations Management

Question: Critically evaluate methods of planning and organising efficient operations and networking.    Answer: Introduction This paper described the various aspect of Apple. The objective is to evaluate the Apple product design in the marketplace. This paper enable to determine the Apple product or service, significance process of Apple product design, aim of product process design, stages of Apple product design concept and   impact of performance objectives on the product design. This paper successfully spelled out Apply product variety in the worldwide market. Indeed, Apply is multinational company that designs, develops and sells computer software and consumer electronics. Apply headquarter located in Cupertino, California. Apply was founded in 1976 by the Steve Jobs. It is world largest technology company in the term of revenue. It is a second largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world. It was first company in the United States that valued over 700 billion US dollar. It operates the Apple online store and iTunes store along with world largest music retailer. Its enjoy high level of brand l oyalty. Best Global report is valuable brand with 118.9 billion us dollar valuation. It is worldwide annual income 233 billion us dollar for the fiscal year in 2015. Further, Its hardware products involves the smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, iPhone, the iPod portable media player, the Apply watch smartwatch, and the Mac personal computer. Its software involves the OS X, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, the iWork, the iLife and productivity suites. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Introduction of Apple product or service: Apple produce different kinds of product or services such as Mac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, Apple watch, Apple TV, Software and electric vehicles. Mac: Apple produce different kinds of accessories such as Magic mouse, Magic Trackpad, Wireless keyboard, Battery charger, Time capsule and the Airport wireless. Currently Mac produced these items such as Macbook air, Macbook pro, Mac mini, iMac and Mac pro in the different year to fulfill the consumer needs or demands. (Farmer & Tildes 2007) iPod: Apple produced the iPod music player. It is market leader in portable music player with proper margin. Its done parternership with Nike to offer the Nike+iPod kit. Apple sold 350 million units shipped as of September 2012. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) iPhone: Apple released first generation iPhone in 2007. iPhone was updated with 16 GB memory that is beneficial for the iPhone capacity. It also involves web based apps like Weather and Google Maps. Its features a 3.5 inch display, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The iPhone 3G was launched in July 2008 with less price in $199. (Farmer & Tildes 2007) iPad: Apply launched iPad that run modified of Ios. It offers touch interaction multimedia format involves ebooks, photos, video, video games, newspaper and word processing documents. Apply iPad involves mobile version of Safari for web browsing, iBookstore, notes, contacts and App store. Apple launched the iPad 2 in the 2011 with quick processor and front camera. It was limited result of a devasting tsunami and earthquake. The fourth generation iPad launched in 2012 with updated A6X processor. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Apply watch: The apple watch was started by Cook in 2014 and released in April, 2015. It consists of fitness-tracking that are similar to Fitbit and should be used with iPhone to work. Apple TV: Apple produced Apple TV in 2007 by the jobs. It was associated with users TV, syncs, streams content from an additional four, Wi-Fi or a wired network. Apply produced 40 GB apple TV in 2009. It was released a redesigned Apply TV. It unveiled Apple TV in September, 2015. (Farmer & Tildes 2007) Software: It introduced itw own operating system to ru OS X and Macs. Its offer professional software titles. It involves operating system apply remote desktop, Xsan, storage area network and remote system management application. It offer online service with iCloud that provide syncing for a wide range of data along with email, photo, documents, contacts and calendars. Software is significant product in digital ear that is popularized in the worldwide market. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Electric vehicles: It desire to start producing an electric car with autonomous driving as soon as 2020. It put efforts to hire battery experts and other electric automobile workers from A123 system, Toshiba, Tesla motor, Panasonic, Samsung Electronic and LG chem. (Farmer & Tildes 2007) Importance of   Apple product or service process design: Process design is central chemical engineering and bringing together all areas components.   Process desing is quipment design that closer in spirit to the unit operations. Apple produced the different kinds of product that require the appropriate process design which can fulfill the customer needs or desires. The importance of Apple process design that is planning principle, decision takers and plan-makers that look to secure high quality design. A good Apple process design is creating places, spaces, building that work well for each person that will fulfill needs of future generations. The importance of Apple design process in practical and creative way to both the function and identify a place. It puts water, energy, community, drainage, economic and infrastructure that is significance for the Apple design process. A good process design helps to deliver a wide range of planning objectives and goals, enhance the quality of the Apple product and address the requirement for different uses.   Apple managers are able to produce design that fit with all kinds of products variety that is beneficial for the organization growth and success. Apple produced high qulity information technology product that require new process design to fulfill customer demand. New process design is demad of current competitive market because different people have different kinds of needs or demands. Further, align operation with new strategy, improve process communication, increase consistency, improve operational efficiency and competitive advantages are the main importance of the process design of the Apple that helps to survive in the competitive market. Apple product variety require a high value of the organization. Apple produce information technology product that require technical knowledge to process design. It is significant of Apple product process design that require high level of technology. (Jaipuri a & Zhang 2011)    Aim of product or service process design: The objective of the Apple process design is significantly important in any organization. Accessible, cost effective, historic preservation, productive, secure/safe, aesthetics, funcational/operational and sustainable are the main aim of the Apple Company. Accessible: It is a significant objective of the Apple product or services that make process easy for increase sales volume of the Apple product. Product design should be convienient for survive in the market. (Macintyre, Parry & Angelis 2011) Cost effective: The aim of the Apple product is to cost effective that is necessary in current competitive market. Cost attract the new buyer of it because people want quality product in low price. Further, cost determine the mood of the consumer about the product or service. Historic preservation: Apple helps to achieve the organization goals and objective through preservation. Apple has many kinds of information technology prduct that aim to fulfill different kinds of customer needs or demands. (Nahmani 2010) Productive: It is a significant objective of the Apple to raise the productivity of it. A high production of the apple helps to raise the sales volume and profitability of the organization. Information technology require variety of product that is possible through high productive. (Macintyre, Parry & Angelis 2011) Further, production is key of any business success because it helps to raise the organization growth. Secure/safe: The objective of the Apple is to provide safe or secure product to their customer. It is necessary of the organization success. Information technology product require high security because people can mis use it. So, security is the main demand of it. Safety features in the information technology product raise the sales of the specific product. (Nahmani 2010) Aesthetics: It is main objective of Apple is to provide attractiveness in their product variety that attract new consumers. People desire new features in information technology product that can fulfill their requirement. Different kinds of iPhone, iPad launched in the market due to fulfill customer demands. Features of the product attract the technology product cosumer. Functional/operational: It is a significant objective of the Apple. Operational determine its duration, quantity and existence. It is related to machine that helps to recfity the machine structure that is beneficial for the organization success. Further, operational is related to planning and production. Operational plays significant role in the information technology related organization. So, it is an important aim of the Apple. (Nahmani 2010) Sustainable: It is main objective of Apple is to provide sustainable product to their customer.   Every development has each pollution. So, we should apply which development that related pollution can be digest by the human society that is known as sustainable. It is a demand of the current competitive technology market. (Macintyre, Parry & Angelis 2011) Stages of product or service design concept: Apple product face these stages to design product or sevice that is described below: Consider customer needs: It is first stage of the product or service design concept. Apple should find out the consumer needs or demands before launch the product in the market. Apple should conduct the research for understand the customer needs or demands. (Macintyre, Parry & Angelis 2011) Concept screening: Apple should concept screening about the product that is beneficial of the organization growth and success. Screening helps to find out optimum result provided product or service. (Slack, Chambers & Johnston 2007) Design process: After screening the Apple product, they should set the product or service design that is beneficial for the organization growth and development. It is significant stage of the Apple design process. Apple should design process as per their customer demands or needs because customer is king of the market. Customer is wholesale of the current competitive market. Product testing: Product testing is the necessary for design the Apple product or service because they produce the information technology product that require high testing before launch the market. Product testing is healthy part for any organization that helps to raise the consumer trust about the product or service. (Macintyre, Parry & Angelis 2011) Analysis the impact of performance objective: Performance objectives are the milestone the program goals. Performance objectives must create all program includes risk mitigation, emergency, business continuity and hazard deterrence. Quality, speed, dependability, cost and flexibility are the performance objectives that impact on design of the Apple product or service that is described below: Quality: Quality of the product or services helps to determine the organization strength. Apple have information technology related quality product or service that positive impact on the consumers. Further, quality is the necessary part in the organization that impact performance objective of the organization. Quality of the Apple product helps to raise the sales volume of the organization. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Speed: Information technology related product require the high speed in their features that has positive impact on the organization. Slow speed product doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t attract people in the current competitive market. iPad require high speed features to compete in the market. Dependability: Apple produce information technology related product that depend on consumer buying interest. Consumer buying interest depends on the product features. (Marcia & LÃÆ' ¼sted 2012) Cost: Cost impact the design of the product. Variety of features helps to raise the cost of the product design. People prefer low cost with quality product that impact positively on the performance objective of the prodct design. Apply produce different kinds of iPhone to attact the different kinds of consumer as per their buying capacity. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Flexibility: Apple should produce different kinds of the product to make flexible manufacturing as per consumer demands or needs. It is significant impact of performance objective that helps to design flexible product as per consumer demands or needs. (Jaipuria & Zhang 2011) Conclusion On the basis of about analysis, concluded that clarity in Apple product or service, significance process of Apple product design, aim of product process design, stages of Apple product design concept and   impact of performance objectives on the product design as well as high ability to adopt new technology in Apply helps to maintain its competitive position in the worldwide market.    References Angell, Y, 2013, The Smartphone & Computer Popular Brand Apple Inc, History Createspace Independent Pub, Washington. Drury, C, 2005, Management Accounting for Business, Cengage Learning EMEA, New Jersey. Fairhurst, C, 2014, Analysis and Design Methods: Comprehensive Rock Engineering: Principles, Practice and Projects, Elsevier, Washington. Farmer, J & Tildes, PL, 2007, Apples, Charlesbridge Publishing, New Jersey. Jaipuria, S & Zhang, Z, 2011, Impact of Performance Goals on the Needs of Highway Infrastructure Maintenance, Southwest Region University Transportation Center, New Jersey. Macintyre, M, Parry, G, & Angelis, J, 2011, Service Design and Delivery, Springer Science & Business Media, Washington. Marcia A, & LÃÆ' ¼sted, A, 2012, Apple: Company and Its Visionary Founder, Steve Jobs, ABDO, New Jersey. Nahmani, D, 2010, Apple Pro Training Series: Logic Pro 9 and Logic Express 9, Peachpit Press, Wathington. O'Grady, JD, 2009, Apple Inc, ABC-CLIO, Washington. Linzmayer, QW, 2004, Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company, No Starch Press, New Jersey. LÃÆ' ¼sted, MA, 2012, Apple: Company and Its Visionary Founder, Steve Jobs, ABDO, Washington. Redmond, P, 2004, Apple Of My Eye, Simon and Schuster, Washington. Sakao, T, & Lindahl, M, 2009, Introduction to Product/Service-System Design, Springer Science & Business Media, New Jersey. Schermerhorn, JR, 2011, Exploring Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Slack, N, Chambers, S, & Johnston, R, 2007, Operations management, Prentice Hall/Financial Times, Washington. Thiessen, V, 2002, Apple, Playwrights Canada Press, New Jersey.