Saturday, December 28, 2019

Malari A Disease That Affects Humans And Animals - 1500 Words

Vivian Williams 4/10/15 Pd.7 MalariaDELETE 2ND PART OF PAR CI Malaria, also known as Yellow Fever, is a disease that affects humans and animals. The history of malaria has caused high levels of fatalities. Despite progress in identification of causes and treatment, malaria continues to kill over half a million people per year, mostly in children under five years old. This illness is caused by the Plasmodium parasite. There are many different types of Plasmodium parasites, but only five known types that cause malaria in humans (World Health Organization, January 2014). There is no vaccine for malaria and no foolproof way to survive it. Instead, a patient with malaria is given medicinal drugs that depend on a variety of factors such†¦show more content†¦If a mosquito bites an infected person, the mosquito becomes infected too and will surely infect another human in the next 24 hours (Armando Hasudungan, June 8 2013). During the research period for this paper a lot was learned, especially concerning the transmission of malaria and everything that is used to prevent and cure the horrible disease. The most important things that were learned were what exactly malaria does to the human body (the whole process), how exactly malaria is transmitted, why it is so hard to be stopped, and what organizations are trying to solve malaria and what they are doing to help the worldwide problem. â€Å"Malaria has serious economic impacts in Africa (and other countries), slowing economic growth and development and perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty. Malaria is truly a disease of poverty — afflicting primarily the poor who tend to live in malaria-prone rural areas in poorly-constructed dwellings that offer few, if any, barriers against mosquitoes (UNICEF, December 24 2013).† This quote shows how malaria affects countries economically and contributes to a depressing cycle that does not help to develop or improve developing countries. Worldwide, countries that very rarely experience malaria cases are contributing a lot of time and money to other places in order to help lower the death rate of malaria and develop a cure and/or vaccine for the deadly disease. In most malaria-ridden places, the government is

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

International Economics, Cause Trade Restrictions

1. Introduction to Trade Policy. When trading in an international market, a company must understand the ways, countries can interfere with trade. These trade barriers, according to Kishore Kulkarni’s book on International Economics, cause trade to â€Å"diverge from the comparative advantage pattern† (pg.266). David Ricardo’s comparative advantage â€Å"is an economic law that demonstrates the ways in which protectionism is unnecessary in free trade† (pg.145). This section will provide an in-depth look at the trade restriction known as a tariff. Tariffs are a part of life for anyone attempting to trade internationally. This raises a question; why do countries restrict trade in the first place? There are three legitimate reasons why tariffs might be used. The first has to do with protecting a new industry; this is known as an infant industry. According to Richard T. Froyen’s book on Macroeconomics Theories and Policies, an infant industry is â€Å"one that is too underdeveloped to achieve comparative advantage or perhaps even to survive in the global environment† (pg.350). Such an industry may be small and â€Å"undercapitalized† to survive without government intervention. This political intervention would be achieved through tariffs, quotas, or subsidies. The next argument against free trade is known as the national defense argument. In short, this argument would be applicable during a crisis; attempting to protect important domestic industries, ensuring their products is well established.Show MoreRelate dEssay on International Trade Simulation987 Words   |  4 Pagessummarize the International Trade Simulation, explain the basic concept of International Trade, emphasize the four key points from the reading assignments in the simulation, and apply these concepts to my workplace. Simulation Summary In the International Trade simulation, you are the Trade Representative of a small country called Rodamia. You are introduced to international trade--the theory of comparative advantage and the impact of tariffs, quotas, and dumping on international trade (Applying InternationalRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (CommercialRead MoreInternational Trade Concepts1095 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Trade Concepts Shelly Hall ECO/372 March 12, 2010 Robert Chase The Simulation on International trade concepts is a study of the country of Rodamia and the decisions the leaders made regarding imports and exports for the country. While Rodamia is a fictitious country, the concepts of international trade, tariffs, quotas, and imports and exports are all applicable to the effects on the U.S. economy. This paper will discuss in detail the meaning and effect each of these conceptsRead MoreThe Impact Of International Business On Business Environment Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesIf the firms, which enter the international market, are ineffective at risk management, this is a risk in itself for Governments, as it can lead to economic inconsistencies. International business differs from domestic business for a variety of reasons, including as culture, labour and environmental standards, foreign exchange and political, economic and legal systems. The main reason for why there is such a significant difference between the two types of business is due to the increased risk associatedRead MoreBUSINESS ECONOMICS-COURSEWORK 1) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of Free International1600 Words   |  7 PagesBUSINESS ECONOMICS-COURSEWORK 1) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of Free International Trade? The Advantages of Free International Trade: ïÆ'Ëœ Greater assortment of stock available for use – global exchange aggregates various mixture of a particular thing from unique ends of the line. ïÆ'Ëœ More work could be created as the business for the countries products increases through trade. Overall trade associates generate more professional occupations. This will help countries chop down their unemploymentRead MoreWhat ´s International Trade1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction International trade is to explain why countries to import and export cargo, and barriers to trade and many different steps and trade barriers have been taken down and explain some economic factors must be protected trade. When foreign trade is not strongly change, government spending and taxes, like most of the headlines, it aroused some peoples blood in economics. Both exports and imports will affect the livelihood and way of life. These people are very anxious, but those who worryRead MoreEconomic Liberalisation Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesCrystal Boodram ECON 2020 – Caribbean Economy Economic Liberalization: (6)[c.] Identify and elaborate on the main elements of Economic Liberalization and discuss, with the use of examples and evidence, whether you think economic liberalization has been suitable and successful in the Caribbean Region. What is Economic Liberalization? Economic Liberalization  is a very broad term that usually refers to fewer government regulations and restrictions in the economy, in exchange for greater participationRead MoreInternational Trade Simulation and Report1417 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade Simulation and Report International trade is the exchange of goods, capital, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries this trade represents a significant share of their (GDP) gross domestic product. This type of trade has political, economic, and social importance to all nations involved. There are many factors surrounding international trade, such as, advantages, limitations, foreign exchange rates, and others. As we review these factors,Read MoreQuestions On International Trade Liberalisation991 Words   |  4 Pagesproduction, and restraining trade with other nations through tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas and other restrictive government regulations (Fouda, R. 2012). At the other end of the scale, we have free trade, a system which favours the exchange of goods and Nowadays, this is the predominant system in Europe, promoted by the EU both in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) context and bilaterally with certain regions. There are three basic approaches to international trade liberalisation. In theRead MoreForeign Currency And International Trade1590 Words   |  7 PagesCooperation or Hegemony The main consequence of an exchange rate fluctuation for international trade is the risk for an exporter or an importer that the cost of foreign currency applied in business volumes will differ from the hoped and calculated. An exposition to foreign currency and a currency risk can make additional profits, and not just losses. However, being in an exposition to currency means relying on a case and most of businesspersons prefer not to allow their company being sensitive to

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Social Construction of Gender Behavior Essay - 1110 Words

Both Deborah Blum’s The Gender Blur: Where Does Biology End and Society Take Over? and Aaron Devor’s â€Å"Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes† challenges the concept of how gender behavior is socially constructed. Blum resides on the idea that gender behavior is developed mainly through adolescence and societal expectations of a gender. Based on reference from personal experiences to back her argument up, Blum explains that each individual develops their expected traits as they grow up, while she also claims that genes and testosterones also play a role into establishing the differentiation of gender behavior. Whereas, Devor focuses mainly on the idea that gender behavior is portrayed mainly among two different categories: masculinity and†¦show more content†¦Although Blum would agree with Devor’s point about the role society plays into shaping gender differences, it’s only to a certain extent as she focuses primarily on the idea of the bi ological relations that apply to gender identity. With personal reference to her young son, Blum explains how gender identity doesn’t necessary focus completely on societal views. She discusses the story involving her young son at the age of 2 who loved dinosaurs, but it was only the blood-swilling carnivores. The wimpy plant-eaters were none of his interest. As it stated in Blum’s piece, â€Å"I looked down at him one day, as he was snarling around my feet and doing his toddler best to gnaw off my right leg, and I thought: This goes a lot deeper than culture† Using this situation, you can conclude that young children is the best example to show that it doesn’t necessary take only society to shift gender behaviors. As Blum says, â€Å"Preliminary work shows that fetal boys are a little more active than fetal girls. It’s pretty difficult to argue socialization at that point†(Blum 682) Young children almost have no idea about how society works , furthermore it’s undetermined that they can be affected to act in order to fit in the standards that has been placed regarding the gender you fall under. This is the point Blum makes that counters Devor’s argument based on idea thatShow MoreRelatedA Metaphor For The Closet Is Wearing A Mask Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesand gender identity conceals the true person to the world, to unmask is to make a decision to reveal chosen sexual and gender identity to self and others. Another example of the mask could be pretending to a Christian to keep people from knowing about a sinful lifestyle for fear of being an outcast. In the context of Christianity, unmasking makes sense in the relation to expected Christian normative behavior. Within this context a person’s behavior is framed within the context of social and scripturalRead MoreWomen s Social Construction Of Gender1524 Words   |  7 Pageswith trying to redefine various positions at this point in history. To allow freedom for women, freedom for men, freedom from those sharply defined gender roles.† Ward mentions how much society emphasizes gender to create this social construction of gender, which restricts personal freedoms. Many articles have been written about the social norms of gender, and the differences between men and women. Jamaica Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl† (1978) illustrates a conversation with a woman and a young girl about how a girlRead MoreSocial Construction Of R ace And Gender1529 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Construction of Race and Gender, Patriarchy and Prejudice and Discrimination in the Society Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual or an idea which is constructed as a result of the culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of raceRead MoreGender Roles : An Individual s Appearance915 Words   |  4 Pageslearned our genders and the roles that come with it through out our life. From the moment we learn to speak and walk and developed our learning skills, we acquire learning behaviors where our genders are expected to behaviors, traits and characteristics. Gender roles are learned and influenced from our family, friends, society and even the media. However, our gender plays a huge role in our everyday life. There are rules and standards that we learn through out our life. There are gender differencesRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Masculinity1689 Words   |  7 Pagesactions and attitudes regarding the social construction of gender, specifically masculinity and femininity. Children’s attitudes are influenced by a variety of external sources, but are most strongly influenced by their home life and parents. Parents are responsible for nurturing and teaching children about multiple aspects in life, including gender norms; this occurs both consciously and unconsciously. One-way parents pass on their beliefs about gender and gender norms are through the giving of heteronormativeRead MoreDistinction Between Sex And Gender1740 Words   |  7 Pages distinction between sex and gender be defined? In discussing whether the distinction between sex and gender can be defined I am going to use the early distinction between the two and how this has been socially constructed to identify if there is a distinction. Additionally, I am going to use a variety of feminist influences since the 1960’s, to draw upon the main issues when defining sex and gender. I will investigate the implications of defining sex and gender by looking at sexism. I hope thisRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Gender Roles903 Words   |  4 Pages While observing interactions between people of both different and the same genders in the park at Orange Circle, it becomes evident how the social construction of gender and standard gender roles may or may not follow archetypal manner and can be applied differently depending on the individuals. Some of the observations recorded during this period have provided evidence that gender roles and gender stereotypes may be followed or applied in an archetyp al way. However, what is most interesting isRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Reality1128 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Fox Sociology I August 6, 2015 Social Construction of Reality Reality does not exist externally, but they do internally, as it is because each individual or group could interpret it differently and it is always changing. Reality is not really an objective that are being imposed on us but we actually create it. Conley defined social construction as â€Å"an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance withRead MoreReview Of Richard Schaefer s Consuming Kids 976 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially, sociology is the study of society and individual’s relationship with society is complex. Many traits and behaviors can be influenced by society and vice versa. Sociologist C. Wright Mills emphasized the importance of this relationship and coined the term sociological imagination, which is defined in â€Å"Sociology in Modules† by Richard Schaefer as â€Å"the awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both t oday and in the past† (Schaefer 5). Looking at interactionsRead MoreSexuality As A Social Construct1486 Words   |  6 PagesHannah St. Lifer Sexuality as a Social Construct Heternormativity is the idea that there exist two distinctive classifications of the genders, males and females, with customary roles in society. The idea asserts that heterosexuality is the only normal sexual orientation of people and that all sexual and marital relations must abide by this norm. Society has adopted this belief and constructed it into a standard of life. It is normal for people to automatically presume that most other people are heterosexual

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

OF MICE AND MEN - 1721 Words

In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductive way that makes men think all she wants is something sexual. A women wearing modest close in a business environment would be treated as an equal. In the novel Of Mice and Men they only show one version of women, which is someone who throws†¦show more content†¦The men on the farm refer to her as a â€Å"tramp,† a â€Å"tart,† and a â€Å"looloo.† Dressed in fancy, feathered red shoes, she represents the temptation of female sexuality in a male-dominated wo rld. Steinbeck depicts Curley’s wife not as a villain, but rather as a victim. Like the ranch-hands, she is desperately lonely and has broken dreams of a better life. Curley’s wife: Of Mice and Menis not kind in its portrayal of women. In fact, women are treated with contempt throughout the course of the book. Steinbeck generally depicts women as troublemakers who bring ruin on men and drive them mad. Curley’s wife, who walks the ranch as a temptress, seems to be a prime example of this destructive tendency—Curley’s already bad temper has only worsened since their wedding. Aside from wearisome wives, Of Mice and Men offers limited, rather misogynistic, descriptions of women who are either dead maternal figures or prostitutes. Despite Steinbeck’s rendering, Curley’s wife emerges as a relatively complex and interesting character. Although her purpose is rather simple in the book’s opening pages—she is the â€Å"tramp,† â€Å"tart,† and â€Å"bitch† that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity—her appearances later in the novella become more complex. When she confronts Lennie, Candy, and Crooks in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men1132 Words   |  5 PagesMax Nesins Mrs. Thompson HSE 1; Period 3 November 3, 2015 Analysis of Of Mice and Men. During the 1930’s Great Depression, author, John Steinbeck (1902-1968) wrote many books regarding the difficulties and tragedies that struck farmers who strived to make a living in a rural, and destitute California. One intriguing novel that exhibits his common themes is Of Mice and Men. People similar to Lennie, strive to achieve their dream in America, the land of unlimited potential, despite the depressionRead MoreCharacter Review of Of Mice and Men Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Review of Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a novel set on a ranch in the Salinas Valley in California during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The title of the book is a reference to Robert Burnss poem To a Mouse. (1759 - 96): The best laid schemes o mice and men Gang aft agley [often go wrong] And leave us nought but grief and pain For promised joy! In the book, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created memorable characters that play out two dramatically realistic,Read MoreOf Mice and Men Intolerance Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Of Mice And Men : Intolerance Essay Societies that discriminate against the weak are unjust. In the novel Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck, many characters are unfairly oppressed. Society treats Curley s Wife poorly because she is a woman, Crooks because he is black and Lennie because he is disabled. In the end, intolerance leads to tragedy for each one of them. The character of Crooks is a victim of intolerance and discrimination throughout the novel. Society takes advantage of Crooks andRead MoreThe Secret Life Of Walter Mitty, War Dance, And The Book Of Mice And Men1146 Words   |  5 PagesEncouragement [A] Encouragement is what we thrive on, it motivates us to be great. [B] In the movies The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, War Dance, and the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the characters find encouragement to go after their dreams. [C] Those characters were inspired to surpass expectations people had for them and achieve the great. [D] Encouragement brought those characters to achieve their hopes, dreams, and goals because it pushed them out of their comfortzones, made them develop commitmentRead MoreA Study On Metabolism Unfolded1733 Words   |  7 Pageslike good nutrition and diet. One of the studies done was calorie restriction preventing cancer and delays aging. They experimented quantified tradeoffs involving the CR/IGF-1 axis in C57BL/6 mice by examining body composition and bone characteristics in ad-libitum fed, 20, 30, 40% to calorie restricted mice that received placebo or recombinant murine IGF-1 given with a time release pellet. On the 26th day the carcasses were scanned with an X-ray. The results from that were that calorie restrictionRead MoreIs Killing Ever Justifiable?925 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay Is killing ever justifiable? Are all lives equal? When exactly is it â€Å"okay† to kill someone? Obviously, all these questions have different answers and there’s no correct answer. A person’s beliefs, ethics, and morals vary person to person. I hope all people understand all life is precious and significant, even if the life is a spider. I will be speaking from my morals and what I believe in. My point of view also comes with examples from the book â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. KillingRead MoreAbnormal Psych and Disorders1460 Words   |  6 Pagesscientists discovered a protein called stathmin that is necessary to create fear memories and a protein called gastrin-releasing peptide that — in mice, at least — helps control the fear response. It was found during experimentation that mice that did not produce stathmin were less likely than other mice to freeze up when confronted with a frightening event, as were mice that produced more GRP (NIMH, n.d.). Scientists have also noted that different parts of the brain are involved in the formation and extinctionRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse1572 Words   |  7 PagesContents I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. SUMMARY OF CSR NEWS 3 A. Nestle and the Beagles 4 B. Yakult and the Mice 4 C. Danone and the Piglets 4 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 China, US and the EU 5 A. Research Connections to Animal Cruelty and Abuse 6 B. Alternatives to Animal Testing 6 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7 V. REFERENCES 8 â€Æ' I. INTRODUCTION The abuse and cruelty by humans towards animals have been on the rise as producers and retailers of cosmetics and drugs rush to position their products in the globalRead MoreThe Expression Of Matriptase Centered On Lung Cancer Cells1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe Expression of Matriptase centered networking proteins in Lung Cancer Cells Runyu Zhong1 Chen-yong Lin2 Michael D Johnson2 1Department of Biochemistry Molecular and Cellular Biology and 2Lombardi Cance Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington DC, 20057-1455 Abstract Pulmonary carcinoma, also known as Lung Cancer, in among the most prevalent and thermal kinds of cancers in the world. A network around Matriptase including it s inhibitor HAI-1, HAI-2Read MoreMuscle Strength And Physical Function1451 Words   |  6 Pagesis a calculation of scores of three tests: 1.Balance, 2.Gait Speed and 3.Chair Stand test, every test is estimated equally with scores between 0 and 4-quartiles generated from Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of Elderly (EPESE) data (n = 6,534). The Cut-off points of SPPB by reference group defined (WGFOM, 2008). Physical performance SPPB, the maximum score is 12, SPPB score 0-6: means Low performance, score 7-9: Intermediate performance, score 10-12 High Performance (Guralnik et

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Effect Of The External Environment On Firms †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effect Of The External Environment On Firms. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on how the environments in which the firms operate have become an important deal and the factors affecting it. The development of business in India has been changing at a rapid pace majorly due to the changes in the economic policies of the government. In the environmental issues, there are factors that affect the businesses. There is a close link and relation between business and its environment (Prajogo, 2016). It generally helps in making the business strong by making use of the resources. Therefore, every firm must keep an eye on the factors that affect the work culture of the firms. Business environments can be economic and non-economic. However, business environment is the summation of all the factors to the business firms since they majorly influence their functioning. Background Information This report discusses about how the various factors has an effect on the environment of the businesses. Factors like government regulatory, customer behavior, economic policy, competitor strategy and public opinion have an impact on the success of the firm. These environmental factors cannot be ignored since they have a huge potential effect on the firms (Savrul, Incekara Sener, 2014). Wesfarmers is an Australian firm that has faced trouble and challenges globally. The surroundings have affected the business environment of Wesfarmers. However, the alterations in the business environment are unpredictable. Predicting the economic and social changes in the business environment becomes a challenge to predict. The environment of the business varies from country to country. Businesses have different values in different country. The external factors that affect the environment of the business cannot be controlled. It comprises of competitors, suppliers, economic, political, technological and social factors. The term business environment defines external forces and institutions that affect the functioning of business enterprises. Environmental analysis helps the businesses or firms to scrutinize the strategies of the competitors and then create their own strategies depending on the strengths and weaknesses. The two most significant factors include government policy and economic conditions and customer behavior (Tortoriello, 2015). Every organization has problems regarding these factors. Discussion a) Effect of the external environment on firms - As mentioned earlier, there are factors that affect the environment of the business. Wesfarmers being an Australian firm gets affected by these factors. The environment in which the firm operates is an important point. Firstly, the role of economy is considered as one of the factors affecting the environment. In a bad economy, a well run business might not be able to carry on (Alcacer Delgado, 2016). For instance, if the customers lose their jobs or take up jobs that will support them, their willingness to spend more will decrease especially on luxury goods and cars (Saeed et al., 2015). Wesfarmers must have these following points to exist globally. High interest rates on credit cards depresses and constraints the customers from spending much. Comprehending the threats and opportunities of the economy will help to control the environment of the business firms. Secondly, the business firm must be unique enough to cope up and deal with the competition. When a firm is created, it needs to compete against the established and experienced businesses in the same existing industries ((Bolmn Deal, 2017). Once the business firm is established, it will naturally face newer firms that try to cut off the customers. Competition is the most common external factor that affects the environment of the business. Thirdly, the changes in the policies of the government have a major effect on the business firms. The political factors are therefore associated with the management of public affairs and its collision on the business. Maintaining a political stability in the trade is essential. It is concerned with the relationship between business and government within a country (Cheng, et al., 2014). Generally, the stability of the government persuades the business activities related to it. However, along with the competitive business environment and trade unions show maturity and contributes positively for the success if the business o rganization. Fourthly, along with the employees of the company, customers and suppliers play the most significant role in businesses. Suppliers have a major impact on the costs of a business firm (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). The power rests with the customers depending on the conditions of the products. Customers help in the growth of the business and gives sale to the company. Suppliers and customers play the role of demand and supply when related to the products of the business firm. Alteration in the needs and attitude of the consumer also has an impact on the business (Cruz-Gonzlez et al., 2015). Business firms needs to update its product depending on the habits, taste and lifestyle of the customers. Fifthly, the external environment of a business is impacted by the legal climate. Corporate taxes, government regulation, sales tax and other import duties can have an effect on the company. Due to the changes in health and environmental regulation it forces the company to change. Econ omic environment of a company includes the economic conditions, policies and economic system. The set of economic factors also have a massive influence on the business corporations. The government keeps altering these government policies from time to time for the developments that usually take place in the economic scenario. The economic policies constitute of the monetary, fiscal, industrial, foreign investment and export-import policies. There are social policies as well which constitute the society as a whole along with its priorities and preferences, which means consumption pattern and purchasing power of the society. However, good business management is not only about how an individual deals with the factors but the way they respond to the factors (Bolmn Deal, 2017). Therefore, these external factors affect landscape and the activities of the business firms. b) Appropriate frameworks to resolve the challenges faced by firms - By applying appropriate framework in business firms, the challenges faced by the companies can be resolved. A framework is set up for solving ethical problems in the organization by implementing the course of action (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). The employees of the organization should aim on the framework to solve the problems by strategic thinking and problem solving skills. In order to ignore and avoid the mistakes, necessary steps needs to be followed. Firstly the domain of the company must be researched thoroughly and also their existing competition. Managers should be recruited for doing this job. Failing to do this job will hamper the organization. The employees must be trained to carry out these activities for eliminating the hassle and problems. Secondly, identifying the affected parties is essential as that party can provide with relevant facts. Thirdly, the issues involved with the organization whether ethic al, professional, and organizational or personal needs to be solved for the betterment of the situation of the business firms. Fourthly, the fundamental principles involved should be checked as to how they are affected. There are threats to compliance with the fundamental principles of the organization. The principles include professional behavior, advocacy, confidentiality, integrity, profession, legislation, regulation and work environment. Fifthly, the organizations internal process of employing should be referred and reviewed ((Savrul, Incekara Sener, 2014). Sixthly, the alternative courses of action should be considered and evaluated. The organizations policies, procedures and guidelines should checked and improved if there is any kind of problem. The policies should be based on the applicable laws and regulation. Lastly, after implementing the course of action the procedure should be monitored. Conclusion and Summary Lastly, it can be concluded by observing that the external environment in which the businesses work alters frequently and quickly. The factors as discussed above mainly include the political, economic, technological and social alterations that put pressure on the organizations ((Savrul, Incekara Sener, 2014).. With the help of monitoring and auditing the external environment it will become easy to grab and maximize the opportunities. The appropriate framework must be applied properly in order to reduce the challenges faced by the firms. The ethical environment should be developing since the environment is changing and so is the human activity. Every organization has its separate external and internal issues to take care of. The process is to identify and analyze the problems of the organization by using proper methods or theories of management (Inayat, et al., 2015). Therefore, the organizations is an open system and its external environment is up to a series of relationship that in fluence each other. Its services and products influence the external environment. However, the business firms should be attentive to any kind of external environment and it must immediately adapt and involve knowledge and information. The study focused on the relation between environment and internal business environment. References: Alcacer, J., Delgado, M. (2016). Spatial organization of firms and location choices through the value chain.Management Science,62(11), 3213-3234. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), 90-119. Cruz-Gonzlez, J., Lpez-Sez, P., Navas-Lpez, J. E., Delgado-Verde, M. (2015). Open search strategies and firm performance: The different moderating role of technological environmental dynamism.Technovation,35, 32-45. Inayat, I., Salim, S. S., Marczak, S., Daneva, M., Shamshirband, S. (2015). A systematic literature review on agile requirements engineering practices and challenges.Computers in human behavior,51, 915-929. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 241-249. Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S., Paladino, A., De Luca, L. M. (2015). Inside-out and outside-in orientations: A meta-analysis of orientation's effects on innovation and firm performance.Industrial Marketing Management,47, 121-133. Savrul, M., Incekara, A., Sener, S. (2014). The potential of e-commerce for SMEs in a globalizing business environment.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150, 35-45. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2016).Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge. Tortoriello, M. (2015). The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity: The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge.Strategic Management Journal,36(4), 586-597.

Monday, December 9, 2019

Industrial revolution free essay sample

The Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from use of hand tools and handmade items to machine-made and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive, but also dire consequences. The Industrial Revolutions impact on Europe like the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marxist Theory also made a huge because it developed socialism and communism, by placing more emphasis on value, rather than generating profit. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism (Wyatt 7). This industry was efficient but the workers productivity was low and it made costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods were more expensive and exclusive only to the wealthy people. In 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13). Although at first many workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. By the 1750s, the Industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly limited to cotton weaving. Inventions such as the spinning jenny and the water-powered frame, both of which provided spinning yarn faster, the spinning mule, the power loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speeding up the process (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism. Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory system had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of life had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use of horses and carriages. With steam engines, cities were able to move farther away from rivers and sources of water, to thrive (Wyatt 58). The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam powered ships and railways, and, later in the nineteenth century, with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The torrent of technological innovation and subsequent social transformation continued throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25). Today, different parts of the world remain at different stages in the Industrial Revolution with some of the countries behind in terms of industrial development being in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over even some more advanced countries that are now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first Industrial Revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society. The second Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and culture flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The second Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electricity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and principle is still used today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines (Thomas). Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephone and telegraph were the first communicational devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radioactivity by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken down (Beard 45). Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also needed for transportation, which evolved from steam engines to the internal combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another a new technology was born in the field of transportation. Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Once infection set in, nothing was possible to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medical problems. Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). Darwin was a naturalist who devised the theory of evolution. It stated that all animals and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. Many people contested his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46). Children and women labored in harsh conditions, working long hours with little pay (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child labor (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire system (Hudson 56-57). Many people opposed the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years, and it is still used today. Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. Realism tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the working class. He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. Directly related to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class struggle (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very little. The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, Civilization spoils people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies. This gave rise to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to annex regions to improve their culture. This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution significantly helped the United States and Western Europe, there were few consequences with the Industrial Revolution. Economic decline arose because, proportionate to its population, England produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late. Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought massive greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) . There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world. Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an easy way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it had a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the world’s psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labor dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories. Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of the workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67). The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the cost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (Corrick 45). During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730–1749, to 31. 8% in 1810–1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (Corrick 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the population of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740. The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europe’s population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58). The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a figure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a market town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe. We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, each generation of people produced a roughly similar amount of products to their predecessors and overall economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had negative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the quality of life for most people. Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws. Economic changes were also mostly positive. However, the inequality between countries began to grow, depending on if the country was industrialized or not. Industrial Revolution free essay sample Friederich Engels), The Sadler Commission Testimonies, and the selections from Elizabeth Gaskells novel North and South we are able to witness how the Industrial Revolution impacted both economic and social aspects of life during that time. No one can doubt that the Industrial Revolution provided advantages that ultimately helped mold our society into the modern world that we know and love. However, the disadvantages were way more detrimental to those that lived through the Industrial Revolution. Harsh polluted living and working conditions, social class tension and cruel child and family labor ere all drawbacks that can not be ignored and overlooked by the Industrial Revolutions now present successes. The Industrial Revolution brought about Emigration and Urbanization. Prior to the Industrial Revolution many families resided in rural farming areas on the countryside. They were considered peasants that used farming and agriculture as a means for money and stability. Although many families stayed in the life of farming, many other families decided to move into the cities to look for Jobs doing industrial work in the coalmines and cotton mills. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Living conditions in the urban cities were definitely a dramatic change. Instead of rural wide-open fresh-aired land, they were cramped up in overpopulated and polluted cities. Overall the cities were not exactly the cleanest places to live. They were also filled with both air and water pollution. The factories expelled harmful toxins likes soot and ashes into the air, causing the quality of air to be terrible. Many families that worked in these factories lived in tenement housing, which were very cramp, crowded and all stuck together. These housed did not have indoor plumbing or sewage, so waste and trash would be thrown into the streets. That would then run into the water supply to be used. Overall families had to endure very harsh living conditions Just to be able to work in these also harsh factories. Most of todays children have the luxury of going to school and having their parents work to support the household. However, most times in the days of the Industrial Revolution everyone in the family had to work to support life. Men, women and children as young as six did work in the factories. This was because parents alone could not earn enough money and needed their childrens help as well. In the Sadler Commission Testimonies, Michael Sadler interviews individuals to gain information and shed light on the troubles from the Industrial Revolution. He records Why do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked? † Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work. Then asks Then you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it as not from necessity? † No. (Sadler) This explains how it was absolute necessary to kids to work and help out in most tamilies. Also, unlike the stereotypical social gender norm that men are more useful and suitable for labor working Jobs, women and children were more desired by factory owners to work for them because of their ability to be more nimble and petite in size was more helpful to operate the machinery. FromFactory System: Two Views (Dr. Andrew Ure vs. Friederich Engels),Friederich Engels explains When spinning or weaving machinery isinstalled ractically all that is left to bedone by the hand is the piecing togetherof broken threads, and the machinedoes the rest. This task calls for nimblefingers rather than muscular strength. The labour of grown men is not merelyunnecessary but actually unsuitable. (Engels 457) . This ultimately lead into women and children being exploited the most in the work place. Not to be confused, everyone that worked in factories were taken advantaged of by their wealthier factory owning bosses, Those who owned factories were called the Bourgeois which developed as a new middle lass and those who worked in those factories were called Proletanats, which were the working low class laborers. Industrial Revolution free essay sample Industrial Revolution addressed in England in the eighteenth and ninteenth centuries? The Industrial Revolution was a time of greatness for some and for others difficult. As a result of this revolution, many demands for better working conditions and protection for workers arose. The government and the union both began to act upon these demands for workers. Some reforms they created include the Health and Morals Act of 1802 and the Factory Act of 1833. Also, many people got involved and started stating their opinions on changes that England should make to their governement and political views. This was how the different evils of the Industrial Revolution were addressed. The Health and Morals Act of 1802 and the Factory Act of 1833 were reforms created by the government and the union of England. These reforms mostly effected child labor in England. The excerpts in Document #3 and Document #4, set a minimum age of employment (9), how long children under fourteen could work in a day (12 hours). We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, improved working conditions for children by not allowing people under the age of eighteen to work with machinery during the night. Lastly, they would not be allowed to work over sixty-nine hours a week. In order to enforce these new acts, inspectors would be sent to the work sites to make sure these acts were being carried out. It was known that most workplaces abused their child workers by underpaying and overworking them and they wouldn’t even realize it. These acts were established to shine a light on the â€Å"evil† working conditions and child labor abuse. People in England also started expressing their ideas on how the government should run. These people made sure it was their statements were made public by publishing their ideas in books, and petitions. These â€Å"people† included Adam Smith and the Chartist. Adam Smith put forth his idea of how the governement should have a role in the economy. According to Document #5, he believed they should be providing the â€Å"best possible consumer goods at the lowest possible prices†, this idea was expressed in The Wealth of Nations (1776). Another idea was presented by the Chartist in the form of a petition. This petition was sent in 1838 to Parliment, which suggested two changes to Englands voting policy. According to Document #6, it suggested to allow every male of the lawful age to vote and when electing members of Parliment to host secret ballots. This was intended to give the poorer class a say among the high rankings by establishing lower prices and the right to vote. These documents expressed the â€Å"evils† of the government as a result of the Industrial Revolution. The political views of England were criticizied by many, expressing another form of â€Å"evil† of the Industrial Revolution. Friedrich Engels expressed his hatred for capitalism in the Condition of the Working Class (1844). According to Document #7, Engels believes that capitalism exploits the weak poor and that the capitalists take everything for themselves, leaving nothing for the weak. As a result of his hatred, Engels and Marx came up with a solution to the â€Å"evils† of capitalism in Communist Manifesto (1848). As stated in Document #8, Engels and Marx recommended a communist overthrow of all existing social conditions. These ideas formed by Engels exposed another type of â€Å"evil† formed by the Industrial Revolution and addressed it and a solution. The Industrial Revolution was diffucult for some. This revolution resulted in many reforms demanded by workers. The government and the union both acted upon these demands the workers proposed. Also many people put their ideas forward on changes that England should make to their government and their poltical views. The changes present addressed the â€Å"evils† of the Industrial Revolution.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

What is social class Definition and meaning free essay sample

The first social grouping I will explain is a social class; Social class is a status hierarchy in which individuals and groups are classified and set on a social scale. The social hierarchy is usually based on success or wealth, social classes are recognized by the upper class, middle class, working class and lower class. Individuals in different classes tend to experience different trends in health and ill health, this may depend on which society they live in. Individuals who live or experience upper-class life may experience better health and may have a longer life expectancy for those who experience lower class life. Those who live in upper class may have more opportunities and may be considered more important to those who do not have the large financial status or success as others. Better health opportunities are wider for upper-class individuals compared to the lower class individuals as they are not deemed as important by the government due to the fact they earn lower wages or may work in lower jobs which require fewer qualifications. We will write a custom essay sample on What is social class? Definition and meaning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most studies which link to health and ill health in social class focus on the Black Report, 1980.The Black Report was a 1980 document published by the Department of Health and Social Security, now known as the Department of Health, which was the report of the expert committee into health inequality managed by Sir Douglas Black. The Black Report findings include that health standards in the United Kingdom were linked to social class, ill health increased down the social scale. The main problem was not linked with the NHS, the majority of the issues which came from social and economic factors such as income, unemployment, poor environment, poor housing, and education. Soon after this report was created the Acheson Report, 1998; The Acheson Report is also known as The Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report, the purpose of the inquiry was to inform the development of the governments public health strategy and to contribute to the forthcoming white paper, Our healthier na tion. The report was a survey of those individuals in society who were known as disadvantaged, the findings mirrored those found from the Black Report. The Acheson Report found the root cause of inequalities in health was mainly poverty, the survey showed in order to improve the health of millions who live in poor conditions, the gap between the richest and poorest in the United Kingdom had to be reduced.The two reports give detailed explanations about the relationships between social influences to health and ill health. The Black Report found that higher levels of health and illness between the relationships with various social classes which the government prevented the publication of the report. The study has been extremely influential as many sociologists still use explanations who are focusing on similar or the same issues and problems.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay Example

The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay A company that takes an obstructive stance toward social responsibility attempts to defend its economic priorities by blocking any attempts to point out the companys lack of social responsibility. An obstructive company does not make social responsibility an effort, instead making profits the most important aspect of its business. Some people view obstructive businesses as immoral since they may exploit their employees, pollute natural lands or deceive customers. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ IBP, a leading meat-processing firm, has a long ( and undistinguished ) record of breaking environmental protection, labor, and food processing laws and then trying to cover up its offenses. Enron would fall into this category as well. (Portter,Michael E) Defensive Stance In most cases, companies that take a defensive stance towards social responsibility are not particularly responsible. These companies may consider themselves neutral, and they make profits a more important motive than performing actions in a socially responsible way. These companies make a point of following the law to ensure that others cannot take legal action against them. For example, a company may create more waste than necessary, but it will remove of the waste in a legal method rather than dumping it illegally. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ Tobacco companies generally take his position in their marketing efforts. In the United States, they are legally required to include warnings to smokers on their products and to limit advertising to prescribed media. We will write a custom essay sample on The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Domestically, they follow these rules to the letter of the law but use more aggresive marketing methods in countries that have no such rules. In many Asian and African countries, cigarettes are heavily promoted, contain higher levels of tar and nicotine than those sold in the Unites States, and carry few or no health warning labels. Firms that take this position are also unlikely to cover up wrongdoing, will generally admit yo mistakes, and will take appropriate corrective actions. (Portter,Michael E) Accommodative Stance An accommodating stance signifies that a company believes social responsibility is important and perhaps as important as making a profit. These companies satisfy all legal requirements and attempt to meet ethical standards. An accommodating company does not attempt to hide its actions and remains open about why it takes specific actions. For example, it may decrease its creation of waste, source products that are not tested on animals and pay its employees a fair wage. The company would keep its records open to the public. Though these companies are often socially responsible, they may change their policies in response to criticism. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ Both Shell and IBM, for example, will match contributions made by their employees to selected charitable causes. Many organizations respond to requests for donations to Little League, Girl Scouts, youth soccer programs, and so forth. The point is, however, do not necessarily or proactively seek avenues for contributing. (Portter,Michael E) Proactive Stance Like an accommodating company, a proactive company makes social responsibility a priority. Instead of reacting to criticism, a proactive company attempts to remain ahead of the curve when it comes to social responsibility. It may make ethics part of its mission statement and attempt to avoid any harm to the environment or its employees. A proactive company may go out of its way to institute new recycling programs, give all of its employees a living wage and benefits, and donate a portion of its profits to charity. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ The Toro Company, Exmark Manufacturing and Dixon Industries Inc. ollectively recalled 62,000 faulty commercial riding mowers. These companies worked directly with their dealers, distributors and customers during the recall campaign to proactively fix or replace the affected units already on the market. Nike is another example of a company that took a proactive stance, responding to criticisms about the labor conditions in the company? s supply chain. Kingfisher, a company that owns the British chain BQ, has successfully implemented a proactive stance on waste reduction, chemicals and green issues. (Brian Bass, Demand Media)